Eye Problems Module 3 Flashcards
What is:
Chronic inflammation of the island margins that is often refractory towards treatment with infectious and noninfectious ideologies?
Blepharitis
What are common symptoms of blepharitis?
Red eyes, burning sensation, excessive tearing, blurred vision, pure Riddick eyelids.
What is:
Chronic sterile inflammation of an oil gland of the island?
Chalazion 
What are common Causative agents for blepharitis?
Staphylococcal infection is the most common. Moraxella, viral infection such as herpes zoster, molluscum contagiosum, seborrheic dermatitis, Rosacea, dry eye
Anterior blepharitis is most often associated with which type of infectious agent?
Staphylococcal infection.
Posterior blepharitis is associated with with what?
Associated with mri Im Ian gland dysfunction and seborrheic dermatitis or rosacea
What is the most effective treatment for blepharitis?
Most effective Topical antibiotics include bacitracin, erythromycin, or one percent azithromycin solution.
What is
Clouding and opacification of the normally clear crystalline lens of the eye.
Cataracts.
What population does cataracts occur most in ?
Elderly
What are physical findings you will find with cataracts?
Decrease or absence of the red reflex, patient will complain of painless decrease visual acuity such as difficulty reading seen heard signs, glaring and decreased vision at night
When should a patient get cataract surgery?
A patient should plan cataract removal with Intraocular lens implantation when vision is compromise and limiting activities of daily living such as driving at night or reading.
What is:
An inflammatory lesion that is not infectious, that usually develop solely in the upper eyelid and tends to be painless?
Chalazion 
What are the physical findings of chalazion?

Painless localize nodule on the eyelid, Leija will be firm in rubbery
What term refers to inflammation of the conjunctiva resulting from a variety of causes including allergies, bacterial, and viral and chlamydia infections? 
Conjunctivitis also known as pink eye 
Most cases of conjunctivitis that are viral occur in which population, adult are children? 
Adults
Which type of population is more prone to develop bacterial conjunctivitis? Adult children geriatric?
Children
What are common causes of bacterial conjunctivitis?
H influenzae, Streptococcus pneumonia, Moraxella catarrhalis in children. Staphylococcus species in adults.
What is a non-pharmacologic treatment for infective conjunctivitis? Is it a warm or cold compress?
Warm compress.
What is the recommended non-pharmacologic treatment for allergic conjunctivitis- a warm or cold compress?
A cold compress
How long does it take for corneal abrasions to heal?
24 to 48 hours.
What medication should you never give a patient with corneal abrasion?
Topical anesthetic’s because it can cause decomposition of the cornea and delayed healing and cause permanent damage
Why are corticosteroid drops avoided in patients with corneal abrasions?
They can delay healing and exacerbate some corneal infections such as herpes viral keratitis, pseudomonas, and fungal ulcers.
What is an acute inflammatory process of affecting the eyelid and arising from the Meibomian or Zeis glands?
Hordeolum (stye)
What is the most common infectious cause for a stye?
Staphylococcus aureus
For an internal stye, what is the treatment?
Use hot packs and oral dicloxacillin 500mg bid x7 days
If Mrsa resistant use
Bactrim DS BID
What is the treatment for an external Stye?
Topical overthrow myosin ointment applied to the lid margins 2 to 4 times daily
What is
And acquired degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium and subsequently the neurosensory retina and Choroid resulting in loss of central vision?
Macular degeneration
What are the risk factors associated with macular degeneration?
Advancing age especially over seven years, hyperlipidemia, history of smoking within the last 20 years, low intake of antioxidants such as zinc and omega-3 fatty acids, high fat intake, obesity, white race.
What is the most common abnormally seen in age related macular degeneration?
It is the presence of drusen or yellowish deposits deep to the retina
What is a condition of the eyes and went to the visual axis of the eyes are not aligned. The misalignment maybe constant arrangement and it may be vary depending on the gaze direction
Strabismus
What population does strabismus predominantly occur?
Childhood
What is esotropia?
Inward deviation of the non-fixing Eye
What is exotropia?
It is the outward deviation of the non-fixing Eye
What is hypertropia?
Vertical deviation in which non-fixing eye higher
What is hypotropia?
Vertical deviation in which non-fixing Eye is lower
What type of glaucoma is this:
Elevator intraocular pressure is associate with closure of the filtration angle or obstruction in the circulating pathway is aqueous humor?
Primary angle closure glaucoma
What is the typical treatment for glaucoma and what is the goal of treatment?
The goal of treatment for glaucoma is to decrease intraocular pressure.
Beta blockers, mannitol Diamox
If a cute angle closure glaucoma suspected what should the PCP do?
Refer emergently to ophthalmology
What medication should be avoided in patients with glaucoma?
High-dose steroids because they can induce high intraocular pressure and cause glaucoma
