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Y2 BRS (Haroop) > Eye movements > Flashcards

Eye movements Flashcards

1
Q

What are the six extra-ocular muscles?

A 
Lateral Rectus
Medial Rectus
Superior oblique
Inferior oblique
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
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2
Q

Which extra-ocular muscles are innervated by the oculomotor nerve?

A

Medial rectus
Superior Oblique
Inferior Oblique
Inferior rectus

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3
Q

Which nerve innervates the superior oblique?

A

trochlear nerve

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4
Q

Which extra-ocular muscle is innervated by the abducens nerve?

A

Lateral rectus

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5
Q

What is duction?

A

Eye movement in one eye

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6
Q

What term describes simultaneous movement of both eyes in the same direction?

A

Version

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7
Q

What is vergence?

A

Simultaneous movement of both eyes in the opposite direction

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8
Q

What is convergence?

A

Simultaneous adduction (inward) movement in both eyes when viewing a near object

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9
Q

What is saccade?

A

Short fast, burst up to 900 degrees/second

Voluntary and involuntary

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10
Q

What are the four types of saccade?

A

Reflexive saccade to external stimuli
Scanning saccade
Predictive saccade to track objects
Memory guided saccade

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11
Q

What is smooth pursuit?

A

Sustains slow movement (up to 60 degrees/s)
Driven by motion of a moving target across the retina
-Involuntary

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12
Q

What is the function of the superior rectus?

A

Elevation of the eyeball

Adduction

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13
Q

What is the function of the inferior rectus?

A

Depression of the eyeball

Adduction

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14
Q

In what position are the vertical rectus muscles aligned?

A

When the eye is in an abducted position.

Anterior-posterior axis of the eye is aligned with the insertion of the vertical muscles

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15
Q

In what position will the superior rectus elevate the eye maximally?

A

Abducted position

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16
Q

What is the function of the lateral rectus?

A

Abduction of the eyeball

Moves eye toward the outside of the head

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17
Q

What is the function of the medial rectus?

A

Adduction of the eyeball

Attached on the nasal side of the eye, moves eye toward the middle of the head.

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18
Q

What is the function of the superior oblique?

A

Abducting, depression and internally rotating the eye.

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19
Q

What is the function of the inferior oblique?

A

Elevate and adduct the abduct

20
Q

Which muscle raises the eyelid?

A

Levator palebrae superioris

21
Q

Which nerve innervates the levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Oculomotor nerve

22
Q

Which specific nerve innervates the superior rectus muscle?

A

The superior oculomotor nerve

23
Q

Which specific nerve innervates the medial, inferior rectus and the inferior oblique?

A

Inferior oculomotor nerve

24
Q

Which position is the lateral rectus muscle best tested?

A

In the abducted position

25
Q

Which position is the medial rectus best tested?

A

In the adducted position

26
Q

Which position is the superior rectus best tested in?

A

Elevated and abducted position

27
Q

Which position is the inferior rectus best tested in?

A

Depressed and abducted position

28
Q

Which position is the inferior oblique best tested in?

A

Elevated and adducted

29
Q

Which position is the superior oblique best tested in?

A

Depressed and adducted

30
Q

What is supraduction?

A

Elevation in one eye

31
Q

What is supraversion?

A

Elevation in both eyes

32
Q

What is infraduction?

A

Depression in one eye

33
Q

Depression in both eyes is referred to as what?

A

Infraversion

34
Q

What is dextroversion?

A

Eye movements to the right

Right abduction and left adduction

35
Q

What is levoversion?

A

Right adduction and left abduction

Eye movements to the left

36
Q

What is torsion?

A

Rotation of the eye around the anterior posterior axis of the eye.

37
Q

Which extra-ocular muscles are not affected in a third nerve palsy?

A

Superior oblique and lateral rectus

38
Q

What is the eye movements in a patient with third nerve palsy?

A

Down and out considering the lateral rectus abducts and the superior oblique depresses the eyeball - over action of the two unopposed muscles.

39
Q

What happens to the eyelid in a third nerve palsy?

A

ptosis, drooping of the eye lid as the levator palpebrae superioris is affected.

40
Q

Which nerve is affected in a sixth-nerve palsy?

A

Lateral rectus

41
Q

What happens to eye movements in a sixth nerve palsy?

A

Affected eye is unable to abduct and thus deviates inwards.

42
Q

What is nystagmus?

A

Refers to the oscillatory movement of the eye

43
Q

What is an optokinetic nystagmus?

A

Smooth pursuit and fast phase reset saccade

44
Q

Which eye reflex is useful when testing the visual acuity in pre-verbal children?

A

Optokinetic nystagmus reflex

Observes the presence of nystagmus movement in response to moving grating patterns of various spatial frequencies.

45
Q

What is the optokinetic nystagmus reflex?

A

Opto-kinetic Nystagmus is a form of physiological nystagmus,
triggered by the presentation of a constantly moving grating pattern.

The eyes track along the grating motion,
with smooth pursuit up to a limit,
and resets the eye position to the centre,
with a burst of fast saccade motion.

This results in cycles of slow phase smooth pursuit,
alternating with fast phase reset saccade in the opposite direction.

Y2 BRS (Haroop) (62 decks)

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