Eye Lab OSCE Flashcards
INSPECTION of the eyes, what parts are you looking at and what are you looking for?
Symmetry Orbits Lids/lid margins Sclera Conjunctiva Pupils
Pupillary Exam, what are you looking for? (ex: constriction)
Should remain same size regardless of light exposure Monitor both eyes for response to light Direct: Pupil exposed to light source constricts Consensual: When one pupil is exposed to light source, other eye constricts Convergence: Pupil constriction as object becomes close to eyes Anisocoria: Unequal size of pupils Average pupil size: 4mm
What is Leukocoria
“whtie reflex” indicates serious pathology, congenital cataract INDICATE: retinoblastoma, retinal detachment, or other more serious conditions
What is a Retinoblastoma
Neuroectodermal malignancy arising
from embryonic retinal cells
PRESENTS WITH LEUKOCORIA
what is Strabismus
Misalignment of the eyes
amblyopia: lazy eye [exotropia (lateral), esotropia (medial), hypotropia (caudad),
hypertropia (cephalad)]
What is the cover / uncover test
identify weakness of EOM, drift as the eye is uncovered
what is Nystagmus (Cause in infants? adults?)
DEF: Ocular ataxia or rhythmical oscillation of the eyes -90% of infantile nystagmus is caused by a functional or anatomical sensory defect -Adults may have nystagmus from a dysfunctional labyrinth/vestibular system while turning head, intoxication
What is the“Static Finger Wiggle Test” (Visual Field Confrontation)
suspect loss in a visual field, test each eye by patient covering one eye, you cover your own eye opposite, then use one hand to wiggle along the imaginary bowl in that visual field– if you can see the wiggle, so should the patient – then repeat with the other eye DO TOGETHER WITH VISUAL FIELD CONFRONTATION TEST TEST, HELPS IMPROVE SENSITIVITY OF TEST
What is the Kinetic Red Target Test? (Visual Field Confrontation)
5 mm red tipped pin
inward beyond the boundary along
a line bisecting the horizontal and
vertical meridians, patient to tell you when the pin first appears to be red
DO TOGETHER WITH WIGGLE TEST, HELPS IMPROVE SENSITIVITY OF TEST
When would you use a fluorescein stain?
PT has epithelial defect
AFTER screening exam
Fluorescein has high affinity for BM of epithelium, SHOWS corneal abrasion
Describe the Rosenbaum Eye Chart for Visual Acuity? (how is it different than the Snellen chart?)
Bedside examination. 14 inches away at eye level, cover one eye and read smallest.
The Snellen Chart is similar but bigger, hangs on a wall and patient stands 20 feet away
What is a Hordeolum? Where is it more common? What causes the various types? How do you treat it?
A stye (more common on lower lid) painful inflammation of EYELID margin (external caused by eyelash follicle or lid-margin tear) or MEIBOMIAN glands (if internal) if infected, caused by S. aureus TRT: Warm compress?
What is a Chalazion? Where is it more common? What causes it? How do you treat it?
Painless, rubbery, nodular lesion (More common on upper lid)
Caused when Meibomian tear, gland becomes obstructed (May resolve or form small
chalazion)
TRT: No antibiotics are necessary as it is
a granulomatous process
Failure to resolve may require incision and drainage by ophthalmologist( associated with blephariti And rosacea
What is Xanthelasma? Where is it more common? What causes it? How do you treat it?
Benign, soft yellow plaques (filled with choelsterol)
Common on medial aspects of eyelids
Associated with Dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia
What is bacterial conjuctivitis? How does one get it? What are the common causes in children vs adults?
Purulent discharge from eye,
spread from direct contact (s. aureus for adults, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae,
M. catarrhalis for kids, remember because kids are So High Maintenace)
