Eye Infections

Question 1

What are the three types of conjunctivitis?

Answer 1

Viral
Bacterial
Allergic

Question 2

What is the most common virus to cause conjunctivitis?

Answer 2

adenovirus

Question 3

How does a patient with adenovirus conjunctivitis typically present?

Answer 3

Unilateral eye redness with watery tearing but little mucus discharge.
There will be enlarged follicular bums and swelling of the pre-auricular node

Question 4

What are the most common pathogens which cause bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 4

staph

Strep

Question 5

What bacteria is more likely to cause conjunctivitis in children?

Answer 5

Haemophilus Influenza

Question 6

What is the treatmeant for most bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 6

erythromycin ointment

Question 7

If a patient presents with conjunctivitis with purulent discharge that has come on suddenly and is particularly severe?

Answer 7

Sexually active adults may have chlamydial or gonoccal infections of the conjunctiva

Question 8

What is blepharitis?

Answer 8

inflammation of the eyelids?

Question 9

What are some of the causes of blepharitis?

Answer 9

Meibomian gland dysfunction - when pushed upon the meibomian gland could discharge a puruent material with suggests it is blocked

Poor eyelid hygiene and dandruff can harbour bacteria with secrete toxins and irritate the eye

Question 10

What is the normal treatment for blepharitis?

Answer 10

In most cases simple hygiene advice will solve the problem. Patients may use baby shampoo to clean eyelashes regularly. For refactor cases topical antibiotics may be considered

Question 11

What is a Chalazion?

Answer 11

A granulomatous inflammation of the meibomian gland.

These occur when the meibomian glands become blocked and there is a backlog of the oily material they normally secrete

Question 12

A patient presents to an eye clinic with a lump on their upper eyelid which has appeared and grown over the past couple of days. The lump is hard and non-tender. There is little evidence of inflammation and there does not appear to be any infection. What is the most likely cause?

Answer 12

A chiazzino. A blocked meibomian gland with a backup of fatty material inside

Question 13

What is the treatment for a chalazion?

Answer 13

Warm compress and massage to try to open the pore. If this does not work you could invert the lid and excise the lesion

Question 14

What to types of conjunctivitis can chlamydia cause?

Answer 14

Inclusion

trachoma

Question 15

What is inclusion conjunctivitis?

Answer 15

The typical sexual conjunctivitis that is most commonly seen in developing countries. It presents as other bacterial conjunctivitis along with cobblestoning of the follicles

Question 16

What two groups of patients most commonly present with inclusion chlamydial conjunctivitis?

Answer 16

new born babies and sexually active young people.

Question 17

What treatment should be used for inclusion chlamydial conjunctivitis?

Answer 17

oral azythromycin

Question 18

In ophthalmology what is a trachoma?

Answer 18

A chlamydial conjunctivitis seen in developing countries which occurs with poor sanitation.

Question 19

What are the possible sequelae of trachoma conjunctivitis?

Answer 19

Chronic follicular inflammation which can lead to scarring of the inner eyelids, closing of the lacrimal glands and inward turning of the eyelashes. It can lead to blindness

Question 20

What is the recommended treatment for gonococcal conjunctivitis?

Answer 20

systemic ceftriaxone

Question 21

What are the three major causes of corneal abrasions?

Answer 21

Trauma, infection and exposure

Question 22

What is the standard treatment for a simple conceal abrasion?

Answer 22

Lubrication, erythromycin ointment and analgesia

Question 23

What is the definition of a corneal ulcer?

Answer 23

A corneal abrasion that has evidence of a bacterial infiltrate

Question 24

What is the most likely pathogen to cause eye infection with contact lens use?

Answer 24

pseudomonas

Question 25

What are the treatment options for contact lens related eye infection?

Answer 25

Cover with ciprofloxacin

In bad ulcers the patient may be admitted and given vancomycin , be wary of dirty ulcers caused by finger nails or tree branches.

Question 26

Most people have the herpes virus but symptoms are either intermittent or there no symptoms at all, why?

Answer 26

The HSV lies dormant in the trigeminal ganglion and can be triggered by almost any body stressor

Question 27

What is endophthalmitis and what can be seen on examination of the eye?

Answer 27

infection of the inside of the eye than an quickly damage the structures of the eye. on slit lamp examination you may see hazy spots which are inflammatory cells and the patient may develop a hypopion