Eye infections

Question 1

Infection of the eyelid:

Answer 1

Blepharitis

Question 2

Infection of the conjunctiva:

Answer 2

conjuntivitis

Question 3

Infection of the cornea:

Answer 3

Keratitis

Question 4

Infection of the cornea and conjunctiva:

Answer 4

Keratoconjunctivitis

Question 5

Infection of the middle layer- iris, ciliary body, and choroid:

Answer 5

Uveitis

Question 6

Infection of the choroid and retinal layers:

Answer 6

Chorioretinitis

Question 7

Infection of the aqueous and vitreous humor:

Answer 7

Endopthalmitis

Question 8

Common pathogen causing styes?

Answer 8

Staph epidermidis

Question 9

Localized infalmmation due to bacterial growth in eyelash:

Answer 9

stye/hordeolum

Question 10

Abx treatment option for stye?

Answer 10

Erythtomycin ointment

Question 11

Two immune defense mechinisms contained in tears:

Answer 11

sIgA

lysozyme

Question 12

Imune cells of the conjuctiva:

Answer 12

lymphocytes

plasma cells

neutrophils

mast cells

Question 13

Mechanical defense of bacteria attachment:

Answer 13

blinking

Question 14

What causes eyes to turn red in conjunctivitis?

Answer 14

dilation and congestion of subepithelial vessels

Question 15

Rank allergic vs viral vs bacterial conjunctivitis with respect to bilateral presentation:

Answer 15

Allergic: mostly

Bacterial: 50-74%

Viral: 35%

Question 16

Mucopurulent discharge characterizes what type of conjunctivitis?

Answer 16

bacterial (usually young kids)

Question 17

Mild, watery, sometimes “sleepers” are discharge characteristics of which type of conjuntivitis?

Answer 17

viral

Question 18

Pruritic conjunctivitis is usually_____________.

Answer 18

allergic

Question 19

Conjunctivitis most commonly (32-29%) associated with acute otitis media?

Answer 19

bacterial

Question 20

Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (hay fever) mediated by which two cell types and what antibody?

Answer 20

B-cell—-> IgE —–>mast cell —–> histamine release

Question 21

Most common cause of viral conjunctivitis in neonates?

Answer 21

HSV

Question 22

Most common cause of conjunctivitis in post-natal people?

Answer 22

Adenovirus

Question 23

Adenovirus
envelope:
genetic material:

Answer 23

non-enveloped
dsDNA
highly contagious spread through fomites (swimming pools)

Question 24

Two options for empiric treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis:

Answer 24

Trimethoprim+polymyxin drops (Polytrim)

Moxifloxacin drops ($$$)

Question 25

Mechinism of action and spectrum for polymyxin B:

Answer 25

-binds to LPS in membrane and causes holes for cellular contents to spill out Gram - , multidrug resistant side fx???

Question 26

Hyperacute bacterial conjuntivitis caused by : Treat with?

Answer 26

Neisseria gonorrheoeae gram -, dipplococci CHOCOLATE agar Cetriaxone

Question 27

Prophylaxis for newborns against ophthalmia neonatorum (conjunctivitis or keratoconjunctivitis within first few weeks of birth):

Answer 27

erythromycin ointment

Question 28

Mechanism of action for Macrolides? name two: Side fx?

Answer 28

Inhibit translation by binding 23s rRNA of 50s subunit Broad coverage of respiratory pathogens Erythromycin, azithromycin GI discomfort, hepatic failure, prolonged QT interval inhibits cyt P450 so what interactions

Question 29

Buzzwords: What is it? Trachoma (serotypes A-C) leading cause of BLINDNESS worldwide bc no long lasting immunity co-infx with N. gonorhoaea treat with azythromycin

Answer 29

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 30

Pathogen that has elementary bodies (EB, extra cellular form with rigid outermembrane) and reticular bodies (RB, intacellular form)?

Answer 30

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 31

Topical treatment for HSV-1 keratoconjunctivitis: Whats the mechanism?

Answer 31

trifluridine pyrimidine analog that uses HOST kinanses ***only topical, more toxic

Question 32

Gram - aerobic rod with flagella free living with minimal nutritional requirements BIOFILMS for natural drug resistance Pyocyanin--blue pigment inhibits mtch enzymes What is it?

Answer 32

Pseudomonas aeroginsoa

Question 33

VF's for Pseudomonas a. that destroy corneal epithelium?

Answer 33

elastase alkaline protease

Question 34

single cell eukaryotes that can cause bad keratitis when they enter the eye? Treatment?

Answer 34

Acanthamoeba -azoles

Question 35

Two most common causes of Chorioretinitis:

Answer 35

Toxoplasma, CMV (more common in neonates and HIV)

Question 36

Two worms that can cause choroiretinitis:

Answer 36

Toxocara canis Onchocerca volvulus (river blindness)

Question 37

How do you diagnose Toxoplasmosis?

Answer 37

IgM serology

Question 38

Treatment for Toxoplasmosis?

Answer 38

Pyrimethamine (DHFR inhibitor for fungi) and sulfadiazine (pteridine synthetase inhibitor)

Question 39

Treatment for rare Endopthalmitis of vitreous and/or aqueous humor?

Answer 39

Floroquinolone or vanco injection into eye