Eye infection and Visual Disturbance

Question 1

what are the signs and symptoms of episcleitis?

Answer 1

symptoms- acute onset, painless hyperaemia/mild discomfort, watery
signs- engorged episcleral vessels, normal visual acuity

Question 2

what are the causes and signs of keratitis?

Answer 2

causes- contact lens- poor hygiene, trauma, corneal abrasion
symptoms- pain, gritty sensation, blurred vision, photophobia

Question 3

what are the signs and symptoms of scleritis?

Answer 3

symptoms- severe boring pain, worse with eye movement, watery eye, reduced vision
signs- slcerol/diffuse redness, sclera may appear blue (thinning), globe tenderness

Question 4

what are the signs and symptoms of acute closed angle glaucoma?

Answer 4

symptoms- pain, blurred vision, nausea/vomiting, halos around lights, headache
signs- mid dilated fixed pupil, cloudy cornea, raised intraocular pressure

Question 5

what are the signs and symptoms of anterior uveitis?

Answer 5

symptoms- blurred vision, pain, photophobia, headache, watery eye
signs- peri-limbal hyperaemia, abnormal pupil, hypopyon

Question 6

what is the most likely cause of painless blurred vision, sudden onset of flashes and floaters and progressive visual field deficit?

Answer 6

retinal detachment

Question 7

what are risk factors for central retinal artery occlusion?

Answer 7

CV risk factors, vasculitis, clotting disorders

Question 8

which cause of visual loss is associated with metamorphosia- straight lines appear wavy and reduction in central vision?

Answer 8

wet age related macular degeneration

Question 9

what causes optic neuritis?

Answer 9

demyelination- can be first sign of MS
inflammation
infection
ischaemia

Question 10

what are the signs and symptoms of cataracts?

Answer 10

symptoms- gradual decline in vision, glare from bright lights
signs- clouding to the lens, reduced red reflex

Question 11

what are the signs of diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 11

intraretinal haemorrhage
retinal exudates
cotton wool spots
neovascularisation

Question 12

what is the cause of dry age related macular degeneration?

Answer 12

atrophy of retinal pigmented epithelium

Question 13

what causes painful chronic visual loss?

Answer 13

tumours
malignant melanoma of the choroid
pituitary tumours

Question 14

what is the visual standards needed for driving?

Answer 14

6/12
have adequate field of vision
read a number plate from 20m

Question 15

what occupations require higher standard of visual acuity?

Answer 15

lorry/bus drivers
armed forces
air traffic control
pilots