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Neurology3 > Eye Histology > Flashcards

Eye Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Sclera

A

Viscoelastic structure

Dense collagen (75%)

Elastic fibers

Flat Fibroblasts

Proteoglycans

Glycoproteins

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2
Q

Tear Film Contributions

A
  1. Lacrimal Glands (bacteriostatic and lytic proteins)
  2. Goblet cells (mucous)
  3. Meibomian glands of eyelid (Oily component)
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3
Q

Layers of the Cornea

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. Anterior Limiting Membrane (Bowman’s membrane)
  3. Substantia Propria (stroma)
  4. Posterior Limiting Membrane (Descemet’s membrante)
  5. Endothelium
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4
Q

Cornea: Epithelium

  1. Characteristics?
  2. Layers?
A
  1. Stratified, nonkeratinized, nonsecretory, squamous epithelium
  2. three cell types
    a. Basal cell: dividing
    b. Intermediate “wing” cells: differentiating
    c. Surface cells: terminally differentiated squamous cells
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5
Q

Anterior Limiting Membrane

A

Dense collagen fibrils

“amorphous”

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6
Q

Substantia Propria (stroma)

A

Compact, transparent layer

collagen, glycoproteins, GAGs, fibroblasts

In LASIK, this layer is ablated

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7
Q

Posterior Limiting Membrane

A
  • basement membrane for underlying endothelial cells
  • secreted by endothelial cells
  • Collagen, Laminin, and Fibronectin
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8
Q

Endothelium

A

Polygonal (mostly hexagonal) cells connected via tight junctions

Involved in:

Active transport

Synthesis

Secretion

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9
Q

Layers of the Choroid of the Vascular Tunic (Uvea)

A
  1. External vascular lamina: small arteries, veins, loose CT, and pigment cells
  2. Intermediate capillary lamina (choriocapillaries)
  3. Internal structure (Bruch’s membrane): glassy homogenous appearance; lies at interface between RPE and the choroid

Clinically: affected in macular degeneration

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10
Q

Ciliary Epithelium

  1. Which eye Layer?
  2. Function?
  3. Composition and characteristics?
A
  1. Vascular Tunic (Uvea)
  2. to secrete aqueous humor (ciliary body synthesizes it)
  3. Bilaminar epithelium
    a. Superficial (outer): simple columnar, non-pigmented
    b. Deep (inner): simple cuboidal, heavily pigmented
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11
Q

Components of the Iris

A
  1. Stroma: CT, vessels, nerves, fibroblasts, melanocytes, collagenous matrix
  2. Muscular component: Two muscles for sympathetic and parasympathetic control
  3. Epithelium: bilaminar continuation of the epithelium of the ciliary body (anterior epithelium and posterior epithelium)
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12
Q

Cataract

A

Opacification of the lens

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13
Q

Components of the Lens

A
  1. Lens capsule: thick basement membrane; homogenous, refractile, carbohydrate-rich casing external to the lens epithelium (anterior & posterior component)
  2. Subcapsular Epithelium: sinlge of layer of cuboidal epithelium present only the anterior surface of the lens
  3. Lens fibers: elongated, thin, flattened, highly differentiated cells that are derived from the subcapsular epithelium (at the equator of the lens); Fibers eventually lose their nuclei and other organelles, become very long containing proteins called crystallins.
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14
Q

Presbyopia

A

Normal decrease in the elasticity of the lens that occurs after the age of 45-50

Results in the inability to round up the lens (focus).

Individuals require reading glasses

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15
Q

Ten layers of the Retina

A
  1. Inner limiting membrane
  2. Nerve fiber layer
  3. Ganglion layer
  4. Inner plexiform layer
  5. Inner nuclear layer
  6. Outer plexiform layer
  7. Outer nuclear layer
  8. Outer limiting layer
    9a. Inner segments
    9b. Outer segments
  9. Retinal pigment epithelium
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16
Q

Retinal Cell: Photoreceptors

A

rods and cones

cell bodies comprise the outer nuclear layer

17
Q

Retinal Cell:

Conducting Neurons

A

Bipolar and Ganglion cells

cells bodies in the inner nuclear layer

18
Q

Retinal Cell:

Association Neurons

A

Horizontal and Amacrine cells

cell bodies in the inner nuclear layer

19
Q

Retinal Cells:

Supporting cells

A

Muller– radial glia cells spanning much of the retina

RPE cells– retinal pigmented epithelium; external to the photoreceptor cells

20
Q

Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE)

A

a. single layer of cuboidal cells, external to the photoreceptors
b. microvilluous on the apical surface that interdigitate wit the outer segments of the photoreceptors; the basal surface has folding on the choroidal side with the transport proteins to exchange nutrients at the choroidal interface
c. Has melanosome and phagosomes
d. functions to support photoreceptor cells:
1. Phagocytosis of outer segments shed by the photoreceptors
2. Melanin absorbs light (minimizing reflections)
3. Transport nutrients
4. Tight junctions form the outer blood-retinal barrier
5. Recycling of retinoids (vitamin A) for regeneration of rhodopsin and iodopsin

21
Q

Functions of horizontal and amacrine cells

A
  1. modulate the sginal within the retina
  2. amacrine cells located in the inner portion of the inner nuclear layer (INL)

horizontal cells located outer portion of the INL

c. amacrine cells don’t have axons; their processes are in the IPL
d. The horizontal cells have both their axons and dendrites in the OPL

22
Q
A

Neurology3 (2 decks)

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