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Neurology3 > Eye Anatomy > Flashcards

Eye Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Bones of the Orbit

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Lacrimal
  3. Ethmoid
  4. Palatine
  5. Maxilla
  6. Zygomatic
  7. Sphenoid
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2
Q

Walls of the Orbit

A
  1. Superior wall: Frontal, lesser wing of Sphenoid
  2. Medial wall: Ethmoid, Lacrimal, Maxilla, Sphenoid
  3. Inferior wall (weakest! “blowout fracture”): Zygomatic, Maxilla, Palatine
  4. Lateral wall (strongest!): Zygomatic, greater wing of Sphenoid
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3
Q

Optic Canal

Location ?

Transmits?

A

Location: apex of orbit

Transmits: Optic Nerve, Ophthalmic Artery

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4
Q

Superior Orbital Fissure

Location?

Transmits?

A

Location: between roof/lateral wall of orbit

between greater and lesser wing of the Sphenoid bone

Transmits: Superior and Inferior Ophthalmic Veins

CN III, IV, VI

Branches of CN V-1 (lacrimal, frontal, nasociliary nerves)

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5
Q

Inferior Orbital Fissure

Location?

Transmits?

A

Location: between floor and lateral wall of the orbit

formed by Sphenoid bone

Transmits: Infraorbital Artery

Infraorbital branch of Maxiallary Nerve (V-2)

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6
Q

Supraorbital Foramen/Notch

Location?

Transmits?

A

Location: In the frontal bone above orbit

Trasmits: Supraorbital Nerve and vessels

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7
Q

Infraorbital Foramen

Location?

Transmits?

A

Location: In Maxillary bone under orbit

Transmits: Infraorbital Nerve and vessels

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8
Q

Anterior/Posterior Ethmoidal Foramen

Location?

Transmits?

A

Location: In Ethmoid Bone

Transmits: Ethmoidal Arteries and Nerves

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9
Q

Two muscles of the Iris

A
  1. Sphincter Pupillae (constrictor) muscle

miosis (constriction of pupil)

  1. Dilator Pupillae muscle

mydriasis (dilation of pupil)

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10
Q

Sphincter Pupillae Muscle

  1. Function?
  2. Autonomic?

2a? What nerve?

2b? What ganglion?

A
  1. alters the size of the pupil in response to light–Constricts; controls the amounter of light entering the eye
  2. Parasympathetic
    2a. Occulomotor Nerve (CN III)

2b? Ciliary Ganglion

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11
Q

Dilator Pupillae Muscle

  1. Autonomic?

1a? What nerve?

1b? What ganglion?

A
  1. Sympathetics
    1a. Long ciliary nerves
    1b. Superior Cervical Ganglion
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12
Q

Parts of the Outer Fibrous Tunic

A
  1. Sclera
  2. Cornea
  3. Limbus
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13
Q

Parts of the Uvea (vascular tunic)

A
  1. Choroid: vascular layer; provides the outer retina with nutrients
  2. Ciliary Body: complex and smooth muscles and vessels
  3. Iris
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14
Q

Ciliary Muscle

  1. Function?
  2. Autonomics?
    2a. what nerve?
    2b. Nucleus and ganglion?
  3. Associated Clinical condition?
A
  1. accommodation of lens; works as a sphincter; when contracts, it lessens the tension of the suspensory ligament so the lens becomes more rounded–Accommodation reflex
  2. Parasympathetic
    2a. Occulomotor Nerve (CN III)
    2b. Edinger-Westphal (CN III) Nucleus and Ciliary ganglion
  3. Presbyopia; By age 45, the ability of the lens to become more rounded is lost
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15
Q

Ciliary Body

  1. Function?
  2. Route of Aqueous Humor?
  3. Dysfunction?
A
  1. Secrete Aqueous humor
  2. Ciliary body –> Posterior chamber –> Anterior chamber –> drained at the Iridocorneal Angle –> Canal of Schlemm –> Venous system
  3. Rates of production and absorption out of balance –> Increased Intraoccular pressure –> Glaucoma –> severe blindness
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16
Q

Parts of the Tunica Interna

A
  1. Retina (pars optica)
  2. Retina (pars cecum)
17
Q

Parts of the Retina Pars Optica

A
  1. Optic Disc “blind spot” optic nerve and central artery leave the eye
  2. Macula Lutea
  3. Fovea Centralis
18
Q

Parts of the Retina Pars Cecum

A
  1. Iridial Retina behind the iris
  2. Ciliary Retina behind the ciliary body

Light-insensitive

19
Q

Extraocular Muscles

A
  1. Levator Palpebral Superioris (LPS)
  2. Lateral Rectus
  3. Medial Rectus
  4. Superior Rectus
  5. Inferior Rectus
  6. Superior Oblique
  7. Inferior Oblique
20
Q

Lateral Rectus Muscle

  1. Innervation?
  2. Function?
A
  1. CN VI (LR6SO4)3
  2. Directs the pupil laterally

Abduct the pupil

21
Q

Medial Rectus

  1. Innervation?
  2. Function?
A
  1. CN III
  2. Direct the pupil medially

Adduct the pupil

22
Q

Superior Rectus

  1. Innervation?
  2. Function?
A
  1. CN III
  2. Elevate the pupil

Assist in turning pupil medially

23
Q

Inferior Rectus

  1. Innervation?
  2. Function?
A
  1. CN III
  2. Depress the pupil

Assist in turning the pupil MEDIALLY

24
Q

Superior Oblique

  1. Origin
  2. Innervation?
  3. Function?
A
  1. Posterior orbit, just below LPS
  2. CN IV
  3. DEPRESSES the pupil

Assists in turning pupil laterally

25
Q

Inferior Oblique

  1. Origin
  2. Innervation?
  3. Function?
A
  1. Floor of the orbit
  2. CN III
  3. ELEVATE the pupil

Assist in turning pupil laterally

26
Q

Parasympathetic route of eye

A

Edinger-Westphal Nucleus –> CN III –> Ciliary Ganglion –> Short ciliary nerves (V1) –> Ciliary Muscle and Spincter Pupillae

CN III : Parasympathetics

27
Q

Branches of Trigeminal Cranial Nerve

(Ophthalmic Division)

A
  1. Frontal: supraorbital and supratrochlear branches
  2. Lacrimal: to lacrimal gland
  3. Nasociliary: Long and short ciliary, Infratrochlear, ethmoidal (anterior and posterior)
28
Q

Structures through Anulus Tendineus

A
  1. Occulomotor Nerve (CN III)
  2. Nasocilieary branch of CN V1
  3. Abducens Nerve (CN VI)
  4. Optic Nerve (CN II)
  5. Ophthalmic Artery
29
Q

Structures Above Anulus Tendineus

A
  1. Trochlear Nerve (CN IV)
  2. Frontal Branch of V1
  3. Lacrimal Branch of V1
  4. Ophthalmic Vein
30
Q

Branches of Ophthalmic Artery (branch of Internal Carotid Artery)

A
  1. Central Retinal Artery obstruction leads to instant and complete blindness
  2. Lacrimal Artery
  3. Long & Short Posterior Ciliary Arteries
  4. Superior & Inferior Muscular Branches
  5. Supraorbital Artery
  6. Anterior & Posterior Ethmoidal Arteries
  7. Superior & Inferior Palpebral Arteries
  8. Supratrochlear (Frontal) Artery
  9. Dorsal Nasal Artery
31
Q

Ophthalmic Veins

Drainage?

A
  1. Superior Ophthalmic Vein drains into the Cavernous Sinus
  2. Inferior Ophthalmic Vein drains into the Pterygoid Venous Plexus
32
Q

Refractory Media

All of the transparents structures through which light passes to reach the retina

A
  1. Cornea
  2. Aqueous Humor
  3. Lens
  4. Vitroeous Chamber
33
Q
A

Neurology3 (2 decks)

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