Eye exam Flashcards
What are the 5 parts of the eye exam?
- Distant
- Neruo-opthalmic
- Diagnostic testing
- Pupillary Dilation
- Orbital, occular, intraocular assessment
The Neuro-ophthalmic exam tests which cranial nerves?
CN: II-VIII
The Menance response tests:
CN II & VII
The Dazzle reflex tests:
CN II & VII
PLRs tests:
CN II & III, retina, iris sphincter, mid-brain
Palpebral blink reflex tests:
CN V & VII, orbicularis oculi
Vestibulo-occular reflex tests:
CN III, IV, VI, VIII, extraocular mm.
What is the order of the 3 routine diagnostic tests done during an opthalmic exam?
- Schirmer teat test
- Fluorescein stain
- Tonometry
What the normal STT results?
Dogs > 15 mm/mm
Cats > 5 mm/min
What light source is used to detect corneal ulcers with Fluorescein stain?
Cobalt light
What is the normal IOP of cats and dogs?
10-25 mmHg
KNOW THIS!!!!
What are some causes of low IOP?
Uveitis
Dec. aqueous production d/t inflammation
What are some causes of high IOP?
Restraint
Glaucoma
Jugular occlusion
Pushing on globe
When is tonometry contraindicated?
Corneal ulcers
Which of the 3 tonometers(indention-Schiotz, applanation-Tonopen/Accupen, rebound-Tonovet) does NOT require local anesthetics?
Rebound-TonoVet
What is the DOC for mydriasis during an opthalmic exam?
0.5-1% Tropicamide
When is mydriasis with contraindicated?
Glaucoma
Some lens luxations
KNOW THIS!
What is Atropine best for the use of?
Treating miosis due to ciliary spasm
What setting on the transilluminator is preferred for looking at the Anterior Chamber?
Slit Lamp
Blood in the anterior chamber=
Hyphema
Pus in the anterior chamber=
Hypopyon
What are the 2 main causes of pigmentation in the Anterior chamber?
Melanoma
Benign uveal cysts
What are the 3 methods used to examine the posterior segment(vitreous & fundus)?
2 indirect & 1 direct
What are the 2 indirect methods used to examine the posterior segment?
Binocular lenses: Inverted image, stereopsis
Focal light & lens: NO stereopsis
What are the differences between indirect & direct methods of examining the posterior segment?
Indirect
- inverted,reversed image
- larger field of view
- can see periphery
- distant from patient
Direct
- upright image
- smaller field of view
- CAN’T see periphery
- closer to patient
Where is the tapetum lucidum located in the normal dog?
Ventral fundus
What flower can cause retinal detachment & chorioretinitis?
Morning glory
Ocular trauma may predispose cats to the development of______.
Sarcomas
What may corneal disease/trauma cause in cats?
Corneal sequestrum
What drug class do cats have a hypersensitivity to that can cause blepharospasm & hyperemia?
Topical tetracylines
What occular antibiotic ointment can cause an anaphylactic reaction in cats?
BNP(Bacitracin-Neomycin-Polymyxin)
can cause: hypersalivation, vomiting, dyspnea, CV collapse
How fast does Tropicamide work and what is its DOA?
Dilates within 15-30 min; can repeat if not dilated in 10 mins
DOA=6-8 hr
May cause hypersalivation in cats
