Eye exam

Question 1

Presbyopia

Answer 1

aging vision, progressive difficulty seeing near objects

Question 2

diplopia

Answer 2

double vision

Question 3

heterophoria

Answer 3

failure of the visual axes to remain parallel
esophoria- one eye deviates in
exophoria- one eye deviates outward

**use cover test to evaluate

Question 4

Confrontation

Answer 4

test for visual fields

stand at the same level as the pt
cover opposite side, bring fingers in from 4 directions ( N/E/S/W)

**test for bitemporal hemianopsia

Question 5

entropion vs ectropion

Answer 5

entropion: eyelid turns inward
ectropion: eyelid turns out (constant tearing)

Question 6

osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 6

problem with Ca metabolism, soft and brittle bones

sclera is blue under examination (bc normal white hue is due to Ca)

Question 7

anisocoria

Answer 7

unequal pupils greater than .5mm

Question 8

bitemporal hemianopsia

Answer 8

tumor in the pituitary that pushes on the optic chiasm

Question 9

pinguecula

Answer 9

small nodule on the bulbar conjunctiva, does not cross over to the cornea (limbus)

Question 10

pterygium

Answer 10

thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva which grows across the cornea

Question 11

Sty

Answer 11

infection at the margin of the eyelid

Question 12

Chalazion

Answer 12

painless nodule involving the meibomian gland

Question 13

xantehlasma

Answer 13

flat yellow plaques found under the eye
associated with hyperlipidemia

no tx, investigate lipids and cholesterol

Question 14

ptosis

Answer 14

drooping of the upper eyelid

horner’s syndrome ptosis, miosis and anhidrosis (lack of SNS) or Bell’s palsy

Question 15

conjunctivitis

Answer 15

infection or inflammation of the conjunctiva
discomfort, discharge
tx is topical antibiotics

Question 16

subconjunctival hemorrhage

Answer 16

leakage of blood under conjunctiva

painless, sharply demarcated, does not cross limbus

Question 17

ciliar injection

Answer 17

inflammation of the radiating vessels around limbus
very painful, vision affected ocular emergency

*Sunburst around eye

Question 18

Hyphema

Answer 18

blood in the anterior chamber

Question 19

papilledema

Answer 19

disc is swollen with blurred margins
physiologic cup is not visible

indicates increased ICP

Question 20

glaucomatous cupping

Answer 20

increased IOP causes increased disc cupping

cup is enlarged, occupying more than half of disc diameter

Question 21

AV nicking

Answer 21

arterial walls become thickened and lose transparency due to atherloscerosis
veins appear to taper as they cross artery

Question 22

cotton wool patches

Answer 22

infarcted nn. fiers