Derm Flashcards
macule
small flat spot <1cm
patch
flat spot or lesion greater then 1.0 cm.
Papule
raised lesion up to 1 cm
Plaque
raised lesion greater than 1cm
nodule
firm, hard lesion, deeper than a papule, greater than 0.5 cm
cyst
– nodule filled with material, liquid or semi-solid.
Often encapsulated.
vesicles
fluid filled lesions less
than 1.0 cm.
Single or in clusters.
bulla
fluid filled lesion greater than 1cm
wheal
superficial localized area of skin.
Blanche with pressure.
pustule
open lesions with pus
acne
scale
flaking of dead exfoliated epidermis
crust
dried residue of skin exudates such as serum, pus, or blood
lichenification
thickening of the epidermis and roughing of the skin surface often from rubbing or scratching.
excoriation
linear erosions caused by scratching
koebner phenomena
skin trauma from scratching may cause a new lesion
fissure
linear crack in skin
ulcer
deeper loss of epidermis
geographic
looks like irregular continants
serpiginous
snake like distribution
tinea
advancing red border with central clearing
heliotrope
over and around the eyelids
vellus hair
short, fine, inconspicuous, unpigmented (peach fuzz)
terminal hair
coarse, thick, pigmented
head, eyebrows, pubic
catagen phase
transitional phase (3%)
telogen phase
resting phase 10-15%
anagen phase
growth phase (85-90%)
clubbing of nails
rounding of nail, soft and spongy
congential, CHRONIC HYPOXIA, heart disease, lung cancer, hepatic cirrhosis
psoriasis
causes small pits in the nais, nail itself may thicken
skin coloration
melanin= brown carotene= yellow carboxyhemoglobin= red blue-red= de-oxyHb cyanosis
KOH prep
look for skin infected with fungi
can see cellular elements and branching hyphae
tzanck smear
test for herpes
see multinucleated giant cells
Gram stain
can identify staph (bacterial) as well as WBC
Oil mount
scabiei mites from skin scraping
Basal cell carcinoma
80%
arise from basal cell layer of epidermis
grow slowly, rarely metastasize
rodent ulcer
pearl white papule , telangiectasis
squamous cell carcinoma
16%
arise from upper layers of epidermis
metastasize
actinic keratoses
scales and crust
a lesion that does not get better with antibiotic
malignant melanoma
4% arise from melanocytes spread rapidly to any organ high mortality fair skin at higher risk, may require deforming surgery ABCDE
