Eye Exam Flashcards
What are the findings for papilledema?
Swelling of the optic disc seen as increased cup to disc ratio
What is the normal cup to disc ratio?
2:1
What are the findings of glaucoma?
Cupping of the optic disc, seen as increased cup to disc ratio
What is the underlying cause of papilledema?
Increased intracranial pressure
What is the underlying cause of glaucoma?
Increased intraocular pressure
What are the reliable findings of hypertension in the eye exam?
Flame/splinter hemorrhages, cotton wool exudates, papilledema (malignant hypertensive retinopathy)
What are the unreliable findings in the eye exam for hypertension?
Retinal arterial constriction, copper or silver wire deformities, a-v nicking
What is the difference between copper and silver wire deformities?
Silver wire are late stage. Copper are early
How to differentiate arterioles and veins in the eye exam?
Arterioles are smaller and lighter in color
What are the findings of diabetes in the eye exam?
Microaneurysms, blot hemorrhages, hard exudates, cotton wool exudates, macular edema, neovascularization
What findings indicate cataracts?
Opacities in the Red reflex
What indicates a tumor in the eye exam?
Absent red reflex, papilledema
What does optic disc atrophy look like
Graying or whitening of the optic disc
What is a benign nevus?
A freckle on the retina
