Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical 1 (Part A) > Eye Disorders (TOSCE) > Flashcards

Eye Disorders (TOSCE) Flashcards

1
Q

Eyelid Anatomy:

-Glands of Moll

A

modified sweat glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Eyelid Anatomy:

-Glands of Zeiss

A

modified sebaceous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Eyelid Anatomy:

Meibomian glands

A

-modified sebaceous glands that produce the lipid layer of the tear film

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Eyelid Functions

A
  • primarily protects the anterior surface of the eye
  • aids in regulation of light reaching the eye
  • aids in tear flow through pumping a action on the conjunctival and lacrimal sacs
  • helps with the distribution & elimination of tears
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Explain conjunctiva

A
  • thin, transparent, mucous membrane
  • covers the inner surface of eyelids (palpebral portion) and anterior surface of the eye (bulbar portion)
  • the anterior surface only covers the white of the eye
  • main function is to prevent the eye from drying by secreting a moisturizing mucous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Eyelid Disorders:

List some eyelid conditions

A
  • Hordeolum (stye)
    • external
    • internal
  • Chalazion
  • Blepharitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Eyelid Disorders:

Conjunctivitis

A
  • Acute Bacterial
  • Hyperacute Bacterial
  • Chronic
  • Viral
  • Seasonal Allergic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The other type of eye disorders?

A

dry eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

General red flags for eye disorders

A
  • blaunt trauma
  • foreign particles trapped/embedded in the eye
  • ocular abrasion
  • eye exposure to chemical or chemical fumes
  • thermal injury - welder’s eye or snow blindness
  • blurred vision (not due to ocular ointments)
  • pain
  • photophobia (sensitivity to light)
  • redness around the cornea
  • abnormal pupil
  • condition lasting for more than 48hrs (**there are exceptions to this)
  • contact lens wearers with conjunctivitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatment goals for infections in the eye

A
  • cure
  • prevent transmission
  • prevent reoccurence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treatment goals for dry eye

A
  • manage symptoms
  • prevent complications
  • identify any exacerbating factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pathophysiology of a Stye (Hordelum)

A
  • can be external or internal
  • acute localized infection involving either the glands of Zeiss of Moll
  • most common infecting organism is S. aureus
  • results in the formation of a small cyst or abscess
  • unilateral, localized lid swelling, tenderness & erythema
  • often associated with blepharitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When do you refer a external hordeolum (stye) ?

A

if it doesn’t drain in 48 hours bc it may then require Rx antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hordeolum (Stye) - Internal:

-involves what glands?

A

-involves the meibomian glands (usually deeper inside/underneath eyelid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hordeolum (Stye) - Internal:

often resolve within?

A

1-2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hordeolum (Stye) - Internal:

warm compresses for how long?

A

for 5-10 minutes several times daily. Refer if not resolved in 1 week.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hordeolum (Stye) - Internal:

if infection severe - oral antibacterials may be needed

A

erythromycin
cloxacillin
tetracycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hordeolum (Stye) - External:

describe it

A
  • smaller & more superficial cyst or abscess

- lesion always points toward the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hordeolum (Stye) - External:

How do you treat it?

A
  • can treat with warm compresses applied 10 to 15 minutes 3 or 4 times a day
    • can follow warm compresses with eyelid massages
    • should drain on its own within 48 hours
  • OTC antibiotic ophthalmic ointment may be applied to the affected area 3-4 times daily but is not required & not generally recommended
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Prevention of a Hordeolum (Stye)

A
  • wash hands before and after any contact with infected eye
  • avoid touching eyes
  • change towels and compresses after each use and do not share towels, face clothes, or pillows, etc
  • proper use of eyedrops (avoid touching the eye/eyelashes) - clean the tip after use
  • avoid use of eye cosmetics during infection (may have to throw away eye makeup as it may be contaminated)
  • adress treating symptoms of blepharitis to help decrease recurring hordeola
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Blepharitis

A

inflammation of the eyelids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define Chalazion

A

inflammation of the meibomian glands (deep chalazion)
OR
inflammation of the Zeiss sebaceous glands (superficial chalazion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Is chalazion an infection?

A

no - not an infection but an inflammation of the area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Chalazion are generally _____ in nature

A

chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Chalazion:

____ develops over a period of weeks - not acute

A

nodule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Chalazion:

lesion usually points towards?

A

the conjunctival surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Chalazion:

Characterized by?

A

painless, localized redness & swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Chalazion:

More common in people with?

A

blepharitis, acne rosacea, or seborrheic dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Treatment for Chalazion?

A
  • initial symptoms may resemble hordeolum - without the acute inflammation
  • initial treatment similar to that for external hordeolum
    • warm compresses 10-15 mins 3-4 times daily
    • eyelid massage
    • often resolve spontaneously within a few days
    • refer if no improvement within 48 hours of initiating treatment

*for Pts with blepharitis, encourage regular lid hygiene to prevent recurrence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

When do you refer a chalazion?

A

immediate referral if chalazion is painful or visual distortion/impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Explain the pathophysiology of blepharitis

A
  • chronic inflammation of the eyelids
  • usually bilateral
  • often associated with chronic dermatological conditions such as acne rosacea or seborrheic dermatitis
  • not contagious
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Blepharitis:

Long-term complications may include?

A
  • physical damage to the eyelids and cornea

- scarring, vision impairment, corneal perforation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Symptoms of blepharitis

A
  • red, swollen, itchy lid margins, eyes red and watery
  • landmark sign = eyelid is scaly
  • foreign body sensation or burning
  • sandy or gritty sensation in the eye - worse upon awakening (similar six’s to dry eye, but this is an EYELID disorder)
  • loss of eyelashes or lashes grow abnormally
  • symptoms may be unilateral or bilateral
  • appearance can often be confused with conjunctivitis and/or other eyelid conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Landmark sign of blepharitis

A

scaly (like a crocodile)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Blepharitis - initial diagnosis or exacerbations require _____

A

referral

  • usually a chronic problem
  • treatment of concomitant dermatologic disorders important for long-term control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Rx treatments for blepharitis?

A
  • antibacterial ointments (bacitracin or erythromycin) preferred to drops because of increased contact time
  • short term Tx with weak corticosteroids or corticosteroid/antibacterial combinations during exacerbations
  • Oral AB Tx may be required (tetracycline, minocycline, doxycycline, or erythromycin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Treatment for blepharitis

A
  • Regular and long-term eyelid margin hygiene essential
    • warm compresses applied for 5-10 minutes
    • gentle scrubbing of the lid margin: commercial eyelid scrubs (lid-care or blephagel) or a cotton swab dipped into a solution of a few drops of baby shampoo in a small amount of warm water
    • recommended once or twice daily immediately after initial diagnosis or during exacerbations
    • may be reduced to twice a week once under control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

When do you refer Blepharitis?

A

refer if new onset suspected & exacerbations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Treatment Summary:

External hordeolum

A
  • nonpharmacologic - key to prevent spread
  • warm compresses, spontaneous draining
  • referral after 48 hours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Treatment Summary:

Internal hordeolum

A
  • warm compresses
  • referral after 1 week
  • Rx topical/oral AB
  • nonpharmacologic treatment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Treatment Summary:

Chalazion

A
  • warm compresses

- referral after 48 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Treatment Summary:

Blepharitis

A
  • Referral to get diagnosis before you can treat it
  • Rx ocular AB-ointment
  • long-term chronic nature, discuss eyelid hygeine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Define conjunctivitis

A

-it is a general term referring to any inflammatory condition of the conjunctiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the conjunctiva?

A

mucous membrane lining the back of the eyelid and the front of the eye, except the cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Pathophysiology of conjunctivitis

A
  • inflammation can be hyper acute, acute, or chronic
  • can be caused by viral or bacterial infections, allergies, or other irritants and dryness
  • variants include hyper acute, acute & chronic bacterial conjunctivitis, viral conjunctivitis & seasonal allergic rxn
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis:

Is it self-limiting?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis:

resolves within?

A

2 weeks

*but treatment can often shorten the course of this disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis:

is it contagious?

A

oh yeah man

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis:

-how do you prevent/control this?

A
  • proper personal hygiene is important to avoid transmission

- hand-washing, separate towels and pillowcases, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis:

who should be automatically referred?

A

the children
and
contact lens wearers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis:

symptoms

A
  • acute onset generally
  • usually unilateral (at least it is initially unilateral)
  • mild to moderate foreign body sensation
  • minimal or no itching
  • generalized redness
  • purulent (creamy white or pale yellow) discharge
    • eyelids stick together when you first wake up
    • could also have crusting on the eyelids (guh-ross)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis:

adult treatment of drops and ointments

A

For mild symptoms:

  • Polymyxin B/gramicidin (Polysporin or generic) drops instilled 4-6 times daily for 7-10 days
  • Polymyxin B/gramicidin (Polysporin or generic) ointment should be applied to lower lid QID for 7-10 days
  • should continue treatment of both drops and ointment for 2 days after symptoms have resolved
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis:

when do you refer adults to a HCP for Rx treatment?

A

if no improvement within 48 hours or symptoms worsen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis:

non-pharms for adults

A
  • warm & wet compresses applied in the morning

- irrigation of conjunctival sac to remove secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis:

common Rx treatments?

A
  • sufacetamide sodium
  • trimethoprim/polymyxin (Polytrim) - Tx of choice
  • erythromycin ointment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Hyperacute Bacterial Conjunctivitis:

most commonly seen in?

A
  • neonates (babies)

- sexually active adolescents and young adults (15-24 yrs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Hyperacute Bacterial Conjunctivitis:

Caused by what bacteria?

A

N. gonorrhoea

N. meningitidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Hyperacute Bacterial Conjunctivitis:

does it cause a referral?

A

YEAH - immediate referral dude or ER

59
Q

Hyperacute Bacterial Conjunctivitis:

symptoms

A
  • copious yellow/green, purulent discharge
  • redness
  • irritation
  • tenderness
60
Q

Hyperacute Bacterial Conjunctivitis:

How do neonates (infants) get it?

A
  • transmission occurs during vaginal delivery

* bilateral discharge 3-5 days after birth

61
Q

Hyperacute Bacterial Conjunctivitis:

How do adults get it?

A

transmitted via hands and genitalia

62
Q

Chronic Bacterial Conjunctivitis:

Lasts for how long?

A

> 4 weeks

63
Q

Chronic Bacterial Conjunctivitis:

often associated with?

A

blepharitis, rosacea, facial seborrhoea, nasolacrimal duct obstruction

64
Q

Chronic Bacterial Conjunctivitis:

does it need a referral?

A

YES

-because it needs topical or oral ABs

65
Q

Chronic Bacterial Conjunctivitis:

non-pharmacologic Tx similar to blepharitis

A
  • warm compresses
  • lid scrubs
  • avoid contaminated products
66
Q

Viral conjunctivitis:

is it contagious?

A

highly

67
Q

Viral conjunctivitis:

unilateral or bilateral?

A

often starts out unilateral but can end up being bilateral

68
Q

Viral conjunctivitis:

most common cause

A

adenovirus

*HSV (herpes) or VZV (Zoster varicella) can also be the cause

69
Q

Viral conjunctivitis:

often occurs in?

A

community epidemics (schools, daycares, etc.)

70
Q

Viral conjunctivitis:

some patients have an associated ?

A

respiratory tract infection

71
Q

Viral conjunctivitis:

how long does infection last for?

A

2-4 weeks

72
Q

Viral conjunctivitis:

how long is it contagious for?

A

contagious for 2 weeks after the second eye becomes involved

73
Q

Viral conjunctivitis:

symptoms

A
  • acute red eye
  • conjunctival swelling
  • soreness or mild pain
  • minimal or no itching
  • profuse watery clear discharge
  • foreign body sensation
  • mild photophobia

*upper respiratory tract infection may be present

74
Q

Viral conjunctivitis:

treatment

A
  • all Pts need to be referred
  • especially if there has been a recent shingles outbreak
  • cold compresses
  • ocular lubricants
  • avoid direct contact with others for >14 days after onset of symptoms
75
Q

Viral conjunctivitis:

should this make children miss school?

A

yes - for one week

76
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis:

also called ?

A

seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (hay fever)

77
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis:

caused by?

A

allergens such as ragweed, grass pollen, animal dander, etc.

78
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis:

unilateral or bilateral?

A

normally bilateral

79
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis:

symptoms?

A
  • severe ocular itching
  • some/minimal redness
  • tearing
  • no sign of infection
  • no foreign body sensation
80
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis:

often accompanied with?

A

runny nose

sneezing

81
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis:

treatment and management (non-pharms)

A
  • allergen avoidance

- cold compresses for 10-15 min TID-QID to help redness & itching

82
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis:
treatment and management
(pharmacological)

A

First line:

  • ocular lubricants (free of preservatives) for symptomatic relief
  • oral antihistamines (2nd gen preferred) - loratadine, ceritizine

Second line:
-ocular decongestants or decongestant/antihistamine combinations

83
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis:

How do oral antihistamines help?

A

stops itching but no decrease in redness

84
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis:

What is the caution that needs to be considered with ocular decongestants?

A

rebound ocular congestion

85
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis:

how do you prevent rebound ocular congestion?

A

do not use ocular decongestants for longer than 3-5 days

86
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis:

when do you refer?

A

if no response to OTC therapy within 72 hours

87
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis:

Is it preventable? How do you prevent?

A

yes, it can be

-try to start allergic rhinitis patients on preventative Tx at least 1 week before allergy season

88
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis:

how does an ocular decongestant work?

A

causes vasoconstriction - stops redness from occuring

89
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis:

How do ocular lubricants help?

A
  • dilutes allergen and decreases allergen contact time with conjunctiva
  • may create a barrier against pollens
90
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis:

how often should you use ocular lubricants?

A

1 drop 2-6 times daily

91
Q

What are 2 pharmacological groups on the OCT market of ophthalmic/ocular decongestants?

A
  • phenylephrine

- imidazolines (ex. naphazoline, tetrahydrozoline, oxymethazoline)

92
Q

imidazolines have a _____ duration or action than phenylephrine

A

longer

93
Q

tetrahydroazoline & oxymetazoline has ____ duration of action than naphazoline

A

longer

94
Q

Out of the imidazolines, which generally appears to exhibit the least side effects.

A

oxymetazoline

95
Q

What is a worry when taking ophthalmic decongestants?

A

systemic absorption

  • OTC concentration may be insufficient to cause systemic absorption
  • but the systemic circulation could occur through the nasolacrimal system
96
Q

How do you minimize the effect of ocular decongestants in the systemic circulation?

A

you can minimize this effect by applying gentle pressure with the index finger over the tear duct for 1-2 minutes

97
Q

When is ocular decongestants in the systemic circulation contraindicated?

A

in angle-closure glaucoma

98
Q

Another precaution with ocular decongestants is possible mydriasis. Who can this occur in?

A

possible mydriasis with normal dosing in patients with contact lenses, lightly coloured irises, and corneal abrasion

99
Q

Ophthalmic Mast Cell Stabilizers:

list an example

A

sodium cromoglycate

100
Q

Ophthalmic Mast Cell Stabilizers:

how do they work?

A

blocks histamine from mast cells

101
Q

Ophthalmic Mast Cell Stabilizers:

when are they used?

A

regularly doing allergy season to prevent redness, itching and eyelid edema

102
Q

Ophthalmic Mast Cell Stabilizers:

takes up to __ days for max effect

A

10

103
Q

Ophthalmic Mast Cell Stabilizers:

best used as a ???

A

preventative measure man

104
Q

Dry Eye:

What are the 2 major classifications?

A
  • aqueous tear-deficient dry eye

- evaporative dry eye

105
Q

Dry Eye:

can lead to?

A

eyes drying out and becoming inflamed

106
Q

Dry Eye:

can cause damage to?

A

ocular surface, scarring and reduced vision

107
Q

Dry Eye:

severe forms referred to as?

A

KCS

-Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca

108
Q

Dry Eye:

list some risk factors

A
  • Environment - low humidity, high temp, air pollution
  • Occupation - air travel, computer use
  • Age
  • Hormonal changes
  • Wearing contact lenses
  • Medical conditions (RA, Sjorgen’s syndrome)
  • Ocular diseases - blepharitis, allergic conjunctivitis, infection
  • Medications - anticholinergics (first gen antihistamines, TCA’s), beta blockers, diuretics
109
Q

Dry Eye:

signs and symptoms

A
  • foreign body sensation
  • redness
  • itchiness
  • burning/stinging
  • grittiness
  • tired eyes
  • dryness (obvs - thanks drena)
  • excessive tearing
  • general discomfort
  • photophobia
  • blurred vision
  • difficulty in moving lids
110
Q

Dry Eye:

treatment goals

A
  • manage symptoms
  • prevent complications
  • determine the severity of the situation
  • rule out any other ocular complications
111
Q

Dry Eye:

non-pharmacologic treatment

A
  • environmental changes
  • use a humidifier
  • avoid prolonged viewing of computer screens/video games
  • encourage blinking
  • avoid windy outdoor environments without eye protection (sunglasses, goggles)
  • cool, moist compresses placed over closed eyelids for short-term relief
  • tear duct (punctual) occlusion
112
Q

Dry Eye:

nonprescription treatment

A

ocular lubricants:

  • artificial tears
  • lubricating ointments and gels (at night only man - cause it can cause blurriness)
113
Q

Dry Eye:

when do you refer?

A

if symptoms do not resolve within 3-5 days or if they worsen

114
Q

Dry Eye:

signs of preservative toxicity?

A

stinging and conjunctival inflammation

115
Q

Dry Eye:

what do you do if a Pt is showing signs of preservative toxicity?

A

Either:

  • switch to product with different preservative
  • switch to product with no preservative
  • refer to physician
116
Q

Dry Eye:

characteristics of an ideal artificial tear?

A
  • lubricates ocular surface well
  • high retention time
  • no preservative (for max Pt comfort)
  • contains essential minerals and electrolytes to maintain good corneal health
117
Q

Dry Eye:

artificial tear products that have a higher viscosity have a ____ retention time in the eye

A

higher

*higher viscosity products would be ointments or suspensions

118
Q

Dry Eye:

combined polymers have a ____ retention time

A

higher

119
Q

Dry Eye:

What artificial tear products are compatible with contact lenses?

A

GenTeal

Visine

120
Q

Dry Eye:

What are two types of preservatives in artificial tear products?

A
  • benzalkonium chloride

- oxidative preservatives (safer)

121
Q

Dry Eye:

Describe benzalkonium chloride preservatives used in artificial tear products

A
  • most frequently used but known to be toxic to corneal epithelium
  • should be avoided in moderate to severe dry eye disorders
122
Q

Dry Eye:

Describe oxidative preservatives used in artificial tear products

A
  • safer alternative
  • Polyquad
  • Sodium chlorite (Purite) or sodium perborate - these are also referred to as “vanishing” preservative
123
Q

Dry Eye:
Pts using artificial tear products with preservatives:

If they are using >___ applications per day - they should switch to a preservative-free product

A

4

124
Q

Dry Eye:

when recommending a lubricating ocular ointment, what should you always ask about?

A

ask if they’d had a rxn to wool because some lubricating ocular ointments contain lanolin

125
Q

Dry Eye:

What do lubricating ocular ointments contain?

A

petrolatum
mineral oil
sometimes lanolin (why you need to ask about wool rxn)

126
Q

Dry Eye:

Do lubricating ocular ointments have preservatives?

A

generally do not require them

Mr. Papagiorgio voice

127
Q

Dry Eye:

How do lubricating ocular ointments help?

A
  • enhance retention time in eye which appears to increase the integrity of the tear film
  • require less frequency of instillation - longer contact time

**generally administered at bedtime (blurred vision)

128
Q

Dry Eye:

List some preservative-free products that Pts may be using continuously

A

Bion Tears
Cellufresh
Refresh Tears
Tears Naturale Free

129
Q

Dry Eye:

List some products that are compatible with contact lenses

A

GenTeal
Refresh Contacts
Visine for Contacts

130
Q

Dry Eye:

Function of artificial tears

A
  • facilitate wetting of the cornea

- prevent drying of the affected tissue through increasing volume of fluid in the eye

131
Q

Dry Eye:

Function of ocular antibiotics

A

-used for local infections of the superficial structures of the eye

**most common infecting organism is staphylococcus (gram +ve)

132
Q

Dry Eye:

List the functions of sympathomimetics (decongestant, eye whitener)

A
  • causes constriction of conjunctival blood vessels and conc that generally do not cause pupillary dilation
  • used for relief of redness
  • provides only palliative therapy, since there is no effect on conjunctival response to antigen
133
Q 
Dry Eye:
function of lid scrubs
A
  • eye lid cleansers
  • intended for the removal of oils, debris, or desquamated skin associated with inflamed eyelid

*useful for contact lens wearer or removal of eye make-up

134
Q

When recommending products for eye conditions what are some key questions to ask/information to gather?

A 
Who is this for?
Symptoms?
Any vision problems or pain?
Any other red flags?
When did it start?
Have you had this before?
Consulted a doctor of optometrist?
Have you tried anything to treat it yet?
Any medical conditions?
Any medications?
Any allergies?
Do you wear contacts?
135
Q

Monitoring parameters:

Expected improvement for most eyelid disorders

A

48 hours

136
Q

Monitoring parameters:
Expected improvement for
acute bacterial conjunctivitis

A

48 hours

137
Q

Monitoring parameters:

Expected improvement for allergic conjunctivitis

A

72 hours

138
Q

Monitoring parameters:

Expected improvement for dry eye

A

3-5 days

139
Q

How long should you wait between drops of the same medication?

A

3-5 mins

140
Q

How long should you wait between drops of a different medication?

A

5-10 mins apart

141
Q

Suspensions should be instilled ____

A

last

142
Q

Drops should be applied _____ mins before applying ointments

A

5-10

143
Q

When should you dispose an unused multi dose product?

A

after 28 days

144
Q

When should you dispose a single dose product?

A

after 48 hours

Clinical 1 (Part A) (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions