Eye Disorders (TOSCE) Flashcards
Eyelid Anatomy:
-Glands of Moll
modified sweat glands
Eyelid Anatomy:
-Glands of Zeiss
modified sebaceous glands
Eyelid Anatomy:
Meibomian glands
-modified sebaceous glands that produce the lipid layer of the tear film
Eyelid Functions
- primarily protects the anterior surface of the eye
- aids in regulation of light reaching the eye
- aids in tear flow through pumping a action on the conjunctival and lacrimal sacs
- helps with the distribution & elimination of tears
Explain conjunctiva
- thin, transparent, mucous membrane
- covers the inner surface of eyelids (palpebral portion) and anterior surface of the eye (bulbar portion)
- the anterior surface only covers the white of the eye
- main function is to prevent the eye from drying by secreting a moisturizing mucous
Eyelid Disorders:
List some eyelid conditions
- Hordeolum (stye)
- external
- internal
- Chalazion
- Blepharitis
Eyelid Disorders:
Conjunctivitis
- Acute Bacterial
- Hyperacute Bacterial
- Chronic
- Viral
- Seasonal Allergic
The other type of eye disorders?
dry eye
General red flags for eye disorders
- blaunt trauma
- foreign particles trapped/embedded in the eye
- ocular abrasion
- eye exposure to chemical or chemical fumes
- thermal injury - welder’s eye or snow blindness
- blurred vision (not due to ocular ointments)
- pain
- photophobia (sensitivity to light)
- redness around the cornea
- abnormal pupil
- condition lasting for more than 48hrs (**there are exceptions to this)
- contact lens wearers with conjunctivitis
Treatment goals for infections in the eye
- cure
- prevent transmission
- prevent reoccurence
Treatment goals for dry eye
- manage symptoms
- prevent complications
- identify any exacerbating factors
Pathophysiology of a Stye (Hordelum)
- can be external or internal
- acute localized infection involving either the glands of Zeiss of Moll
- most common infecting organism is S. aureus
- results in the formation of a small cyst or abscess
- unilateral, localized lid swelling, tenderness & erythema
- often associated with blepharitis
When do you refer a external hordeolum (stye) ?
if it doesn’t drain in 48 hours bc it may then require Rx antibiotics
Hordeolum (Stye) - Internal:
-involves what glands?
-involves the meibomian glands (usually deeper inside/underneath eyelid)
Hordeolum (Stye) - Internal:
often resolve within?
1-2 weeks
Hordeolum (Stye) - Internal:
warm compresses for how long?
for 5-10 minutes several times daily. Refer if not resolved in 1 week.
Hordeolum (Stye) - Internal:
if infection severe - oral antibacterials may be needed
erythromycin
cloxacillin
tetracycline
Hordeolum (Stye) - External:
describe it
- smaller & more superficial cyst or abscess
- lesion always points toward the skin
Hordeolum (Stye) - External:
How do you treat it?
- can treat with warm compresses applied 10 to 15 minutes 3 or 4 times a day
- can follow warm compresses with eyelid massages
- should drain on its own within 48 hours
- OTC antibiotic ophthalmic ointment may be applied to the affected area 3-4 times daily but is not required & not generally recommended
Prevention of a Hordeolum (Stye)
- wash hands before and after any contact with infected eye
- avoid touching eyes
- change towels and compresses after each use and do not share towels, face clothes, or pillows, etc
- proper use of eyedrops (avoid touching the eye/eyelashes) - clean the tip after use
- avoid use of eye cosmetics during infection (may have to throw away eye makeup as it may be contaminated)
- adress treating symptoms of blepharitis to help decrease recurring hordeola
Blepharitis
inflammation of the eyelids
Define Chalazion
inflammation of the meibomian glands (deep chalazion)
OR
inflammation of the Zeiss sebaceous glands (superficial chalazion)
Is chalazion an infection?
no - not an infection but an inflammation of the area
Chalazion are generally _____ in nature
chronic