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Special Senses > Eye Diseases & Disorders > Flashcards

Eye Diseases & Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Blepharitis

A

Inflammation of the eyelid edges, affects eyelashes

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2
Q

Blepharitis caused by?

A

Bacteria- Staphylococci

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3
Q

Hordeolum

A

Stye- infection of sweat gland in eyelids, near eyelashes

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4
Q

Most common Hordeolum

A

Staphylococci or Streptococci

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5
Q

Chalazion

A

Slow developing lump that forms d/t blockage & swelling of an oil gland in the eye lid

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6
Q

Chalazion S/S

A

red, tender, swollen > in a few days a painless lump in the eyelid

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7
Q

Keratoconjuctivitis

A

Dry eye syndrome

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8
Q

Keratoconjuctivitis causes?

A

lacrimal gland malfunction
decreased tear production - Antihistamine, Beta
adrenergic blocking
anticholinergic drug

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9
Q

Subconjuctival Hemorrhage

A

breaking of fragile blood vessels

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10
Q

Subconjuctival Hemorrhage caused by?

A

Sneezing, coughing, vomiting, HTN, trauma, blood dyscrasias
No pain, disappears 10-14 days

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11
Q

Conjuctivitis bacterial

A

watery discharge at first, then becomes thicker with shreds of mucus “PINK EYE”

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12
Q

Conjuctivitis viral

A

watery discharge

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13
Q

Keratoplasty

A

corneal transplant, replacement with human donor, local anesthetic and miotics

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14
Q

Keratoplasty preop

A

ATB gtts to decrease risk of infection

IV access

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15
Q

Keratoplasty operative

A

Graft is secured with sutures

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16
Q

Keratoplasty postop

A

Eye covered with patch for 24 hrs
Instruct pt to lie on NON OP side to decrease IOP
Monitor for graft rejection (redness,swelling,pain, decreased vision) (topical corticosteroids, reduce inflammation)

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17
Q

keratoplasty interventions

A 
Prevent ^ IOP =
rubbing eye
bending forward
lifting 
straining-give stool softener 
coughing 
report & tx n/v
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18
Q

Cataract

A 
lens becomes opaque (cloudy)
Congenital
Injury
Degenerative 
Metabolic diseases- DM
UV light exposure
HTN
^ cholesterol 
^ BMI
occurs earlier in ppl with down syndrome
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19
Q

Cataract Tx

A

Tx only curative, removal of lens

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20
Q

Intracapsular Extraction

A

Lens located within the capsule and entire capsule are removed
Increase risk for detachment of the retina and swelling after surgery

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21
Q

Extracapsular Extraction

A

Lens and the front portion of the capsule are removed
Posterior lens capsule remains, providing strength to eye.
Smaller incision

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22
Q

Phacoemulsification

A

Type of extracapsular extraction
Ultrasonic vibration is applied to the lens to break it up into very small pieces
Then aspirated out of the eye with suction by the ophthalmologist
Faster Healing

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23
Q

Cataract Removal Nursing Care

A 
Same day surgery. 
Preop eye gtts
- Mydriatics, keeps pupil dilated 
- Cycloplegics, paralyzes muscle, dilates pupil 
- Antibiotics, reduce ROI
- NSAIDS , reduces inflammation
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24
Q

Cataract Removal postop care

A

Semi-fowlers
Lay on NON OP side
Observe dsg
Pain - controlled w/mild analgesics, avoid ASA bleeding, SEVER PAIN IN EARLY may indicate ^ IOP or HEMORRHAGE, notify physician immediately!

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25
Q

Cataract removal post op importance

A

decrease risk of ^IOP

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26
Q

Glaucoma

A

Groups of ocular diseases resulting in ^ IOP

Cells of retina & optic nerve are damaged > blindness

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27
Q

Glaucoma most common form

A

Primary Open -Angle Glaucoma

28
Q

Primary Open -Angle Glaucoma

A

Reduced outflow of Aqueous humor through trabecular meshwork

29
Q

S/S Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

A 
asymptomatic at first
Peripheral Vision Loss
Tunnel Vision 
IOP over 21 mmHg
tired eyes, blurred vision, halos around lights
30
Q

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Tx ?

A

Reducing the production of Aqueous humor

Increasing outflow through trebecular meshwork.

31
Q

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Pharm Management

A

Beta- Adrenergic Blockers, Carbonic anhydase inhibitors, Adrenergics, Cholinergic meds, Prostaglandins

32
Q

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Surgical Management

A

Laser Trabeculoplasty

33
Q

Laser Trabeculoplasty

A

Creates laser burns to trabecular meshwork. Scar tissue causes tension & channels in meshwork

34
Q

Angle-Closure Glaucoma

A

Sudden onset. IOP > 50. If not tx= Blindness, medical emergency

35
Q

Angle-Closure Glaucoma Surgical Management

A

Laser Tridotomy- window is cut in Iris to permit aqueous humor to flow through pupil normally

36
Q

Uveitis

A

Inflammation of the Uvea (middle layer of eyes)

37
Q

Uvea consists of?

A

Iris, ciliary body, choroid

38
Q

Secondary Glaucoma

A

Results from ocular diseases that cause a NARROWED ANGLE or an INCREASED FLUID VOLUME within the eye.

39
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy

A

Vascular complication of diabetes causing damage to the retina. Gradual vision loss. Usually affects both eyes.

40
Q

Macular Degeneration

A

Does not affect peripheral vision, only central. Leading cause of blindness in US. Caused by aging or injury.

41
Q

Macular Degeneration Tx?

A

No cure or reversing vision loss only avoid further loss. Intraocular injections of angiogenesis inhibitor slows down progression.

42
Q

Retinal Holes, Tears, or Detachment

A

Sensory and Pigmented layer separate. Fluid collects. OCCULAR EMERGENCY, requires immediate medical attention

43
Q

Retinal detachment Risk factors?

A

Extremely NEARSIGHTED. Retinal detachment in other eye. Family Hx. Cataract surgery. Eye injury. DM eye disease.

44
Q

S/S of Cataracts?

A

cloudy vision, seeing spots, floaters

45
Q

Angle-closure glaucoma S/S?

A

Sudden acute pain, blurred vision, halos around lights, N/V, HA on affected side

46
Q

Angle-closure glaucoma TX?

A

Reduce IOP quickly! FIRST

47
Q

Macular Degeneration S/S?

A

central vision loss, blurred vision, decreased color vision, small yellow spots on retina “drusen”, difficulty reading, NO Pain

48
Q

Retinal Holes, Tears, or Detachment S/S?

A

onset sudden and painless, bright flashes of light, floating dark spots, pt may feel “curtain being pulled over my eye”

49
Q

Scleral buckle

A

Tx Retinal Detachment, first tx with cryoprobe or laser tx then supported with scleral buckle. Silicone implants sutured under the buckle opposite the area of detachment.

50
Q

Scleral Buckle final promoting attachment?

A

Air bubble or normal saline is injected into vitreous humor-floats up against retina to hold in place until healing occurs.

51
Q

Scleral Buckle postop?

A

Eye patch and shield, observe for drainage, analgesics, antiemetics & cough medicine administered, no jarring head, avoid activities that ^ IOP, for 1 week after surgery AVOID reading, writing, and close up work > causes REM

52
Q

Scleral Buckle air bubble or NS injected?

A

Air bubble- ly flat, face down for 7-10 days, majority of day.
Saline- ly supine, face up for 7-10 days majority of day

53
Q

Vitrectomy?

A

Surgical removal of vitreous humor. used for traumatic retinal detachment. VH replaced with gas bubble or silicone oil. Body replaces VH naturally over time.

54
Q

Vitrectomy performed to?

A

Clear blood and debris from the eye, remove scar tissue, alleviate traction on the retina, sometimes performed along w/scleral buckle.

55
Q

Vitrectomy postop?

A

If gas bubble, head will need to face downward. Maintain face down for 50 min of every hr for 7-10 days. If silicon oil place, less need for positioning but does require to be removed at a later date.

56
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsightedness, image is focused infront of retina.

57
Q

Hyperopia

A

Farsightedness, image is focused behind retina.

58
Q

Presbyopia

A

lens loses elasticity> poor accomadation, hardening of lens, close vision is blurred

59
Q

Astigmatism

A

Irregular curve of the cornea, misshaped or irregular cornea.

60
Q

Refraction

A

bending of light rays

61
Q

Light passes through?

A

Cornea, Aqueous humor, Lens, Vitreous humor, & Retina

62
Q

Accomodation?

A

ability to adjust for distant and near objects.
Distant vision- ciliary muscle relaxes> lens flattens
Near vision- ciliary muscle contracts> lens curves

63
Q

Alkaline chemical burns?

A

Progressive damage because it penetrates the cornea. Penetrates further into cornea then acidic.

64
Q

Acid chemical burns?

A

Does not penetrate the cornea, but still very painful and can cause tissue damage.

65
Q

Chemical burs Tx?

A

Irrigate for 20-30 minutes immediately after exposure.

Special Senses (3 decks)

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