eye disease Flashcards
- A 36-year-old woman has tunnel vision in which she reports the same size area of perception regardless of how far from the testing screen the examination is performed. This history often indicates which of the following?
a. Retinitis pigmentosa
b. Neurosyphilis
c. Sarcoidosis
d. Chorioretinitis
e. Conversion disorder
e. Conversion disorder
- The most common form of retinal degeneration is
a. Serous retinitis
b. Retinitis pigmentosa
c. Confluent drusen
d. Drug-induced retinopathy
e. Paraneoplastic retinal degeneration
b. Retinitis pigmentosa
- A newborn child is being examined. During ophthalmologic evalua-tion, it is noticed that the red reflex is absent. Which of the following could this indicate?
a. Congenital cataracts
b. Chorioretinitis
c. Retinitis pigmentosa
d. Optic atrophy
e. Holoprosencephaly
a. Congenital cataracts
- Glaucoma develops in nearly one-third of children with
a. Type 1 neurofibromatosis
b. Type 2 neurofibromatosis
c. Sturge-Weber syndrome (encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis)
d. Tuberous sclerosis
e. Arnold-Chiari malformation
c. Sturge-Weber syndrome (encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis)
- A 23-year-old HIV-infected woman presents with visual loss. After testing, the diagnosis of retinitis caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) is made. Which of the following should be used to treat this patient?
a. Cytarabine
b. Vidarabine
c. Ribavirin
d. Interferon
e. Ganciclovir
e. Ganciclovir
- A 52-year-old woman is being evaluated for the acute appearance of a large central scotoma. Which of the following most likely preceded her presentation?
a. Pseudotumor cerebri
b. Chronic ethanolism
c. Chlorpromazine ingestion
d. Methyl alcohol intoxication
e. Isoniazid use
d. Methyl alcohol intoxication
- A 28-year-old man presents with right eye pain and blurry vision developing over 3 days. After examination and further history, a diagnosis of papillitis is made. How can papillitis be distinguished from the pap-illedema of increased intracranial pressure?
a. Degree of swelling of the optic disc
b. Associated homonymous hemianopsia
c. Characteristic visual loss
d. Associated limitation of eye movement
e. Loss of red reflex
c. Characteristic visual loss
Items 368–369 A 19-year-old woman with complaints of headaches and visual blur- ring has prominent bulging of both optic nerve heads with obscuration of all margins of both optic discs. Her physician is reluctant to pursue neuro- logic studies because the patient is 8 months pregnant and had similar complaints during the last month of another pregnancy. Her physical and neurologic examination are otherwise unrevealing. 368. If neuroimaging studies were to be performed on this woman, they probably would reveal
a. A subfrontal meningioma
b. Intraventricular blood
c. Slitlike ventricles
d. Transtentorial herniation
e. Metastatic breast carcinoma
c. Slitlike ventricles
- The treatment of choice for this young woman is
a. Lumbar puncture
b. Cesarean section
c. Induction of labor
d. Vitamin A supplements
e. Acetazolamide
a. Lumbar puncture
- A young man with multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibits paradoxical dilation of the right pupil when a flashlight is redirected from the left eye into the right eye. Swinging the flashlight back to the left eye produces constriction of the right pupil. This patient apparently has
a. Early cataract formation in the right eye
b. Occipital lobe damage on the left
c. Oscillopsia
d. Hippus
e. Optic atrophy
e. Optic atrophy
- A 23-year-old woman complains of 2 days of visual loss associated with discomfort in the right eye. She appears otherwise healthy, but her family reports recurrent problems with bladder control over the prior 2 years, which the patient is reluctant to discuss. On neurologic examination, this young woman exhibits dysmetria in her right arm, a plantar extensor response of the left foot, and slurred speech. The most informative ancillary test would be
a. Visual evoked response (VER) testing
b. Sural nerve biopsy
c. Electroencephalography (EEG)
d. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
e. Computed tomography (CT)
d. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Injuries to the macula or fovea centralis typically affect vision by producing
a. Bitemporal hemianopsia
b. Nyctalopia (night blindness)
c. Scintillating scotomas
d. Mild loss of visual acuity
e. Severe loss of visual acuity
e. Severe loss of visual acuity
- A 64-year-old man who has had hypertension for over 30 years is being examined. The most obvious changes seen during retinal exam would include which of the following?
a. Retinal tears
b. Optic atrophy
c. Segmental narrowing of arterioles
d. Drusen
e. Telangiectasias
c. Segmental narrowing of arterioles
- Routine funduscopic examination of a 52-year-old man reveals small, discrete red dots located in largest numbers in the paracentral region. Such retinal microaneurysms most often occur with which of the following?
a. Sarcoidosis
b. Chronic hypertension
c. Diabetes mellitus
d. Anterior communicating aneurysms
e. Chorioretinitis
c. Diabetes mellitus
- A 72-year-old woman presents with the acute onset of double vision. The second image disappears if she covers either eye. The ocular motor nerve most likely to be impaired in this patient is the
a. Oculomotor
b. Trochlear
c. Abducens
d. Ciliary
e. Müller’s
c. Abducens
- A 7-year-old girl acutely develops double vision that worsens over the course of a few days. Examination reveals a sixth-nerve (abducens) palsy. She is most likely to have which of the following?
a. Pontine glioma
b. Medullary glioma
c. Mesencephalic infarction
d. Pontine infarction
e. Medullary infarction
a. Pontine glioma