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Eye Anatomy > Eye Conditions - What/Causes > Flashcards

Eye Conditions - What/Causes Flashcards

1
Q

What is Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)

A

Blockage of the meibomian glands

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2
Q

What is the cause of MGD?

A

When the glands in your eyelids are blocked or obstructed.

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3
Q

What is Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis (GPC)? (3)

A

Papillae (nipple) on tarsal, cobblestone appearance
Conjunctival Redness
Conjunctival Oedema

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4
Q

What can cause GPC? (3)

A

Excess lens movement
Coated contact lens
Mucus discharge

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5
Q

What is a Pinguecula? (3)

A

Fat cysts on sclera
Yellow/Pink Growth
Common

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6
Q

What can cause Pingueculas? (4)

A

UV
Dust
Wind
UV exposure

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6
Q

What is a Pterygium? (3)

A

A growth that usually starts nasally
Can grow onto the cornea
Asymptomatic

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7
Q

What can cause Pterygium? (4)

A

UV
Dust
Wind
People who spend time outdoors

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7
Q

What is Blepharitis? (2)

A

Dandruff on eyelashes
2 types bacterial inflammation + sebaceous inflammation

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8
Q

What can cause Blepharitis? (4)

A

Allergies
Poor Hygiene
Sebaceous - Oily eyelids/ lashes, swollen and/or itchy lids
Bacterial - crusty lids, yellow discharge, red lids

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9
Q

What is a Hordeolum/Stye? (2)

A

Red, painful bump on eyelid
Normally on edge of eyelid

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10
Q

What can cause a Hordeolum/Stye? (2)

A

Infection
Plugged Sebaceous glands (hair follicle)

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11
Q

What is a Chalazian? (2)

A

Painless bump in your eyelid
Usually upper lid

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12
Q

What can cause Chalazians? (3)

A

Blocked oil glands
Chronic blepharitis
Viral Infection

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13
Q

What is a corneal ulcer?

A

Erosion or open sore on cornea

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14
Q

What can cause corneal ulcers? (6)

A

Can be Bacterial, Viral, Parasite or Fungal infections.
Corneal Abrasion, foreign body imbedded in CL
Improper Hygiene
Cls Worn Overnight
Abuse of Cls
Cls solution contaminated

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15
Q

What is Keratoconus? (2)

A

Degenerative disease of the cornea
Cornea gets thinner + bulges forward

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16
Q

What can cause keratoconus? (2)

A

Genetics
Eye Rubbing - hayfever, eczema, atopic dermatitis

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17
Q

What is an imbedded foreign body?

A

Something stuck in eye

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18
Q

What can cause an imbedded foreign body? (3)

A

Accident
Projectile/ Blow to the eye
Something trapped by cl or lids

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19
Q

What is Conjunctivitis/Pink Eye? (5)

A

Inflammation
Red and Itchy eyes
Discharge
Eyelids can be hard to open after sleep due to crusty eyes
No pain to Painful

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20
Q

What can cause Conjunctivitis/ Pink Eye? (3)

A

Allergic reaction (to atmosphere/chemical/ medicine)
Bacterial Infections (Yellow)
Viral Infections

21
Q

What is Corneal Vascularization?

A

Superficial vessels from conjunctiva to complete encroachment.

22
Q

What are types of Corneal Vascularization? (3)

A

Superficial
Deep Stromal
Corneal vascular pannus (limbus to peripheral of cornea)

23
Q

What is Arcus Senilis? (4)

A

White/Grey/ Yellow ring around the corneal margin (limbus)
Mostly seen in the elderly
Will not go away
Asymptomatic

24
Q

What can be the cause of Arcus Senilis?(3)

A

Aging
Fatty Deposits
High Cholesterol

25
Q

What is a corneal abrasion?

A

Minor trauma to ocular surface

26
Q

What can cause corneal abrasions? (3)

A

Foreign body
Insertion and removal of cls
Rubbing with alot of pressure

27
Q

What is a Corneal Dendrites? (2)

A

Very Painful
Dendrite branch like lesions

28
Q

What can cause Corneal Dendrites? (2)

A

Herpes simplex virus
Epithelium break down

29
Q

What is Expothalmos?

A

Eyeballs bulging/ protruding

30
Q

What can cause Expothalmos?

A

Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s Disease)

31
Q

What is Distichiasis?

A

More than one row of eyelashes (can turn inwards)

32
Q

What is Trichiasis?

A

Eye lashes no longer point outwards but instead point inwards and rub on the eyeball

33
Q

What can cause Distichiasis?

A

Congenital or acquired

34
Q

What can cause Trichiasis? (2)

A

Entropion
Eyelid Injuries

35
Q

What is Ectropion ?

A

Where the lower eyelid droops away from the eye and turns outwards

36
Q

What can cause Ectropion? (2)

A

Lid Edema
Bell’s Palsy (CN VII - cranial nerve 7 - Facial nerve)

37
Q

What is Entropion?

A

Where your eyelid turns in and causes your eyelashes to rub against the cornea

38
Q

What can cause Entropion? (5)

A

Muscle Weakness
Scars and previous surgeries
Eye infections
Inflammation
Development complications

39
Q

What is Ptosis?

A

Drooping of the eyelid (mostly upper eyelid) in Adults and Children

40
Q

What can cause Ptosis?

A

Third Nerve Palsy

41
Q

What is a Cataract?

A

Cloudiness of crystalline lens

42
Q

What is happening in the lens when you have cataracts?

A

When the proteins in the lens break down over time and clump together

43
Q

What is Coloboma?

A

Part of the tissue that makes up the eye is missing

44
Q

What can cause Coloboma? (2)

A

Genetic
Trauma

45
Q

What is a subconjunctival Hemorrhage?

A

occurs when a tiny blood vessel breaks just underneath the conjunctiva

46
Q

What can cause a Subconjunctival Hemorrhage? (3)

A

It can happen for no reason
On impact (punched)
Excessive force (lifting)

47
Q

What is a Superficial Punctate Keratits/Staining ? (2)

A

corneal inflammation with scattered, fine, punctate corneal epithelial loss or damage
Fluorescein staining shows it on the corneal surface

48
Q

What can cause Superficial Punctate Keratits/Staining ? (3)

A

Contact lens solution-sensitive
Poor lens fit
Severe dry eye

49
Q

What is Limbal Injection?

A

Increase in blood vessels around the Limbus

50
Q

What can cause Limbal Injection? (2)

A

Dry Eyes
Irritation

51
Q

What is a corneal dellen? (4)

A

Dimple or dry spot on the cornea
saucer shaped
irritation
foreign body sensation

52
Q

what can cause corneal dellens? (2)

A

Interruptions to the tear film
surgery on cornea

Eye Anatomy (11 decks)

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