Eye conditions

Question 1

Eye formulation: application

Answer 1

• Wash hands before use
• Keep eyes closed as long as possible
• Transient blurry vision, apply ointment at night
• Do not drive until vision is clear
• Multiple prep: 5 min gap (longer if gel), apply ointment last

Question 2

Eye formulation: preservatives

Answer 2

Benzalkonium chloride = stinging/irritation

Question 3

Eye formulation: expiry date

Answer 3

• Home/hospital: 28 days
• Examination + surgery: single use

Question 4

Eye formulation: contact lenses

Answer 4

• Hard lenses: can use eye drops
• Soft Lense: remove lenses (or use preservative free; accumulates)
• Ointments + oily eye drops: never wear lenses
• Rifampicin + sulfasalazine: stain lenses orange

Question 5

Conjunctivitis: treatment (allergic eyes)

Answer 5

• Sodium cromoglicate (mast cell stabiliser)
• Antazoline, azelastine (antihistamine)
• Xylometazoline (vasoconstrictor)

Question 6

Conjunctivitis: treatment (dry eyes)

Answer 6

• Mild: hypromellose, carbomer (QDS)
• Moderate-severe: carmellose, sodium hyaluronate

Question 7

Conjunctivitis: treatment (infected eyes)

Answer 7

• Bacterial: chloramphenicol
• HSV: aciclovir = 5x a day until 3 days after healing

Question 8

Eye inflammation

Answer 8

Topical corticosteroid: steroid glaucoma, cataracts

• Risk of infections + worsens existing infections
• If used in ‘red eye’ caused by HSV = corneal ulcers, blindness

Question 9

Corneal ulcers

Answer 9

Ciprofloxacin intensive course

Question 10

Eye procedures

Answer 10

Cycloplegics + mydriatics: used to dilate pupils
- Antimuscarinic (atropine)
- Phenylephrine (MAOI interaction)

do not drive til vision is clear

Question 11

Closed angle glaucoma: symptoms

Answer 11

• Cloudy eye
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Headache
• Intense eye pain
• Blurred vision
• Sight loss
• Rainbow rings around lights

Question 12

Closed angle glaucoma: first line treatment

Answer 12

Prostaglandin eye drops (latanoprost)
- Se: long eye lashes, darker iris

Question 13

Closed angle glaucoma: second line treatment

Answer 13

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors OR
- Acetazolamide (oral)

Beta blockers OR
- CI: asthma

Sympathomimetic