Eye / blindness

Question 1

Name the PRIMARY colours on the colour wheel

Answer 1

RED
BLUE
YELLOW

Question 2

Name the SECONDARY colours on the colour wheel

Answer 2

VIOLET
ORANGE
GREEN

Question 3

Name the TERTIARY/INTERMEDIATE colours on the colour wheel

Answer 3

RED-VIOLET
RED-ORANGE
YELLOW-ORANGE
YELLOW-GREEN
BLUE-GREEN
BLUE-VIOLET

(You don’t really need to memorise this, just made this card anyway. But I feel like if you know the Primary and Secondary colours, you can easily deduce the Tertiary colours.)

Question 4

CONES vs RODS

Answer 4

CONES and RODS are the photoreceptors found on the retina (layer at the back of your eye)

Cones (≈10 million) respond to bright
coloured light.
Rods (≈120 million) respond to even low intensity and provide black, grey and white vision.

Question 5

How are objects projected on the retina?

Answer 5

Upside down

Question 6

Name the muscles moving the eyeball

Answer 6

See photo

Question 7

What is the EE line?

Answer 7

See photo
Ear-Eye (EE) Line passes through the right ear hole and the juncture of the lids of the right eye.
Serves as a reference for head posture and for the tilt angle of the line of sight, LOSA.

Question 8

What does the acronym LOSA mean?

Answer 8

Tilt angle of the line of sight
LOSA = Line Of Sight Angle (I think??? lol)

Question 9

What are the mobility axes of the eye?

Answer 9

Line of sight
Frontal Plane

Question 10

Response Time = ?

Answer 10

Response Time = Reaction Time + Motion Time

Question 11

What is Reaction Time (RT)?
(What equation gives us RT?)

Answer 11

Reaction Time (RT):
time needed for our sensors to pick up a signal, then transfer the signal to the brain for processing, then for the brain to send a signal to the relevant muscle(s) to take the desired action.

(HICK’S LAW gives us RT)

Question 12

What is Hick’s Law?

Answer 12

Reaction Time (RT)

Question 13

What is Motion Time (MT)?
(What equation gives us MT?)

Answer 13

Motion Time (or movement time, MT):
time needed to move e.g. a finger, hand or foot from the starting position to the target to take the required action

(FITT’S LAW gives us MT)

Question 14

What is Fitt’s Law?

Answer 14

Motion Time (MT)

Question 15

Responding to Stimuli

Approximate minimal reaction time: ELECTRIC SHOCK

Answer 15

130 ms

Question 16

Responding to Stimuli

Approximate minimal reaction time: TOUCH, SOUND

Answer 16

140 ms

Question 17

Responding to Stimuli

Approximate minimal reaction time: SIGHT, TEMPERATURE

Answer 17

180 ms

Question 18

Responding to Stimuli

Approximate minimal reaction time: SMELL

Answer 18

300 ms

Question 19

Responding to Stimuli

Approximate minimal reaction time: TASTE

Answer 19

500 ms

Question 20

Responding to Stimuli

Approximate minimal reaction time: PAIN

Answer 20

700 ms

Question 21

Responding to Stimuli

Estimated time delay: At receptor

Answer 21

1 to 38 ms

Question 22

Responding to Stimuli

Estimated time delay: Along afferent path

Answer 22

2 to 100 ms

(btw afferent path means neuron going up to the brain, efferent path means neuron coming back down to the muscle)

Question 23

Responding to Stimuli

Estimated time delay: In CNS processing

(CNS = central nervous system)

Answer 23

70 to 100 ms

Question 24

Responding to Stimuli

Estimated time delay: Along efferent path

Answer 24

10 to 20 ms

Question 25

Responding to Stimuli

Estimated time delay: Muscle latency and contraction

Answer 25

30 to 70 ms

Question 26

Simple vs Choice Reaction Time

Answer 26

more graphs presented in the Response Time pdf… I got lazy for this one sorry :/

Question 27

True or False?

Most colour blind people cannot see any colour at all!

Answer 27

False

There are different types of colour blindness and in extremely rare cases people are unable to see any colour at all, but most colour blind people are unable to fully ‘see’ red, green or blue light.

Question 28

What is the most common form of colour blindness?

Answer 28

‘red/green colour blindness’

Being ‘red/green colour blind’ means people with it can easily confuse ANY colours which have some red or green as part of the whole colour. So someone with red/green colour blindness is likely to confuse blue and purple because they can’t ‘see’ the red element of the colour purple.