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INDU 412 > Anatomical terms > Flashcards

Anatomical terms Flashcards

1
Q

Define: ANATOMICAL POSITION

A

person standing upright with arms hanging down, palms facing forward and toes pointing forward

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2
Q

person standing upright with arms hanging down, palms facing forward and toes pointing forward

This is the definition of _________________.

A

Anatomical position

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3
Q

Define: ANATOMICAL PLANES

A

three planes that are perpendicular to each other

Mid-sagittal (or median) plane: plane which divides the body into a left and right half
Sagittal plane: any plane parallel to the mid-sagittal plane
Horizontal plane: any plane which divides the body into top and bottom
Frontal plane: any plane which divides the body into front and back

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4
Q

Define: ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONS

A

= always appear as pairs, one opposite to the other

image showing all the anatomical direction pairs

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5
Q

ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONS:
what is the opposite of PROXIMAL?

A

DISTAL

Proximal and distal (used on arms, legs):
Proximal - closer to the trunk, distal - farther away from the trunk

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6
Q

ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONS:
what is the opposite of SUPERIOR?

A

INFERIOR
Superior and inferior (used on head, neck trunk):
Superior – closer to the head, inferior – closer to the tail end

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7
Q

ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONS:
what is the opposite of ANTERIOR?

A

POSTERIOR

Anterior and posterior (used anywhere):
Anterior – closer to the front, posterior – closer to the back

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8
Q

ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONS:
what is the opposite of MEDIAL?

A

LATERAL

Medial and lateral (used anywhere):
Medial – closer to the midline (mid-sagittal plane) of the body, lateral – farther from the midline

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9
Q

ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONS:
what is the opposite of INTERNAL?

A

EXTERNAL

Internal and external (used anywhere):
Internal – deeper within the body, external – closer to the surface

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10
Q

ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONS:
what is the opposite of DEEP?

A

SUPERFICIAL

Deep and superficial (used on muscles):
Deep – farther away from the surface, superficial – closer to the surface

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11
Q

ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONS: what is the opposite of CENTRAL?

A

PERIPHERAL

Central and peripheral (used on nervous system):
Central – related to the central part (brain and spinal column), peripheral – related to the related to
extensions from the central part (nerves)

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12
Q

Anatomical term for SKULL

A

Cranium, n (cranial, a): skull

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13
Q

Anatomical term for HIP BONE

A

Pelvis, n (pelvic, a): hip bone

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14
Q

Anatomical term for SPINE/SPINAL COLUMN

A

Vertebral column: spinal column, comprising (numbering is from superior to inferior):
C1-C7: 7 cervical (neck) vertebras (or vertebrae)
T1-T12: 12 thoracic (chest) vertebras (they have ribs attached)
L1-L5: 5 lumbar (lower back) vertebras
S1-S5: 5 sacral vertebras, which are fused and part of the pelvis

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15
Q

Name the vertebras of the vertebral column!

A

C1-C7: 7 cervical (neck) vertebras (or vertebrae)
T1-T12: 12 thoracic (chest) vertebras (they have ribs attached)
L1-L5: 5 lumbar (lower back) vertebras
S1-S5: 5 sacral vertebras, which are fused and part of the pelvis

I googled this mnemonic device that might help you remember!

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16
Q

Anatomical term for BREASTBONE

A

Sternum, n (sternal, a): breastbone

17
Q

Anatomical term for THIGHBONE

A

Femur, n (femoral, a): thighbone

18
Q

Anatomical term for KNEECAP

A

Patella, n (patellar, a): kneecap

19
Q

Anatomical term for SHINBONE

A

Tibia, n (tibial, a): shinbone

20
Q

Anatomical term for SMALL LONG BONE IN SHIN LATERAL TO TIBIA

A

Fibula, n (fibular, a): small long bone in shin lateral to tibia

21
Q

Anatomical term for UPPER ARM BONE

A

Humerus, n (humoral, a): upper arm bone

22
Q

Anatomical terms for FOREARM BONES

A

Ulna, n (ulnar, a) and radius, n (radial, a): forearm bones, where radius is lateral to ulna

23
Q

Anatomical term for WRIST

A

Carpus, n (carpal, a): wrist

Something that might help = CARPAL tunnel syndrome was Maa’s WRIST problem

24
Q

Anatomical term for ELBOW

A

Epicondyle, n: lateral or medial protrusion comprising elbow

lateral = on the side
medial = toward the middle
Basically, lateral elbow is lateral epicondyle / medial elbow is medial epicondyle (see pic)

25
Q

Anatomical term for 5 BONES OF THE HAND

A

Metacarpal bones: 5 bones of the hand

26
Q

Anatomical term for 5 BONES IN THE FOOT

A

Metatarsal bones: 5 bones in the foot

27
Q

Anatomical term for BONE IN THE FINGERS OR TOES

A

Phalanx, n (phalanges, pl): bone in the fingers or the toes (proximal, middle and distal)

28
Q

Anatomical term for ANKLE

A

Malleolus, n (malleoli, pl): lateral or medial protrusion comprising the ankle

lateral = on the side
medial = toward the middle
Basically, lateral ankle is lateral malleolus / medial ankle is medial malleolus (see pic)

29
Q

Define: ANGULAR MOVEMENTS OR POSITIONS

A

= always appear as pairs, one opposite to the other

30
Q

ANGULAR MVMTS/POSITIONS: what is the opposite of FLEXION?

A

EXTENSION!

Flexion and extension: movement or position between two adjacent body parts in the sagittal plane
Flexion – decrease the angle between body parts; extension – increase the angle between body parts

31
Q

ANGULAR MVMTS/POSITIONS: what is the opposite of PLANTAR FLEXION?

A

DORSIFLEXION

Special flexion / extension: Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion (used on ankle only): dorsiflexion: move
foot at ankle such that toes point up; plantar flexion: move foot at ankle such that toes point down

32
Q

ANGULAR MVMTS/POSITIONS: what is the opposite of ADDUCTION?

A

ABDUCTION

Adduction and abduction: movement or position between two adjacent body parts in the frontal plane
Adduction – towards the mid-sagittal plane; abduction – away from the mid-sagittal plane

Trick : ADDuction bc you’re bringing them together (adding)

33
Q

ANGULAR MVMTS/POSITIONS: what is the opposite of RADIAL DEVIATION?

A

ULNAR DEVIATION

Special adduction / abduction: Ulnar and radial deviation (used on wrist only): adduction and abduction
of the hand respectively

34
Q

ANGULAR MVMTS/POSITIONS: what is the opposite of SUPINATION?

A

PRONATION

Special rotation: Pronation and supination (used on forearm only): assuming upper arm vertical and
forearm horizontal: pronation – rotate about long axis of forearm such that palm faces down; supination –
rotate about long axis of forearm such that palm faces up

TRICK: SOUPination (holding soup) and POURnation (pouring the soup)

35
Q

ANGULAR MVMTS/POSITIONS: what is the opposite of MEDIAL/INTERNAL ROTATION?

A

LATERAL/EXTERNAL ROTATION

Medial (or internal) rotation – (using leg as example): rotation about long axis of leg such that toes
move inward, closer to the mid-sagittal plane; lateral (or external) rotation – (using leg as example):
rotation about long axis of leg such that toes move outward, away from the mid-sagittal plane

36
Q

Define: ROTATION

A

movement about the long axis of a body (used on arms and legs)

INDU 412 (3 decks)

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