Eye And Ear Disorders 14

Question 0

Angle closure glaucoma

Answer 0

Acute disorder with a sudden onset, resulting in a reversible blindness within 1 to 2 days without emergency treatment. Symptoms include acute onset of ocular pain, seeing halos around lights, blurred vision, and photophobia. The optic nerve is damage. With humor builds up as a result of displacement of the iris

Osmotic agents are the first-line medication used until surgery could be implemented

Question 1

Primary open angle glaucoma. POAG

Answer 1

Occurs in 90% of people with glaucoma. Peripheral vision is lost gradually and central vision loss if increasing damage. Symptoms usually occur with only widespread damage. Pressure greater than 21 is a high risk factor. Treat with medications or surgery

Treat with beta-adrenergic blockers, alpha-adrenergic agonist, prostaglandin analog, cholinergic agonist, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, nonselective adrenergic agonist

Question 2

Beta adrenergic blockers

Answer 2

Timolol, carteolol, metipranolol, levobunolol
Betaxolol, levobetaxolol

They decrease the amount of aqueous humor produced. They treat CAG on emergency basis. They are used primarily for primary open angle glaucoma. Side effects include temporary stinging in the eye, Vocational conjunctivitis, blurred vision, photophobia, and dry eyes which need to be reported. Systemic effects of the beta blockade on the heart and lungs may occur. Monitor pulse rate for bradycardia. They may be contraindicated in clients that have bradycardia, AV heart block, and heart failure. They can in interfere with the effects of insulin and diabetes should monitor glucose. Install eyedrops once or twice a day.

Hold pressure on the duct for 30 to 60 seconds to prevent systemic effect.

Question 3

Alpha adrenergic agonists

Answer 3

Brimonidine
Apraclonidine

Decreases production and may decrease outflow of obvious humor to lower IOP. Side effects include a local steamy and for rightist, sensation that a foreign body is in the eye, blurred vision, headache, dry mouth. Reddened sclera can indicate blood vessel in gorge. Hypotension and drowsiness cuz crosses BBB.

Administer with lenses removed. And wait 15 minutes to put them. Antihypertensive may intensify hypotension. Monitor blood pressure

Question 4

Prostaglandin analogs

Answer 4

Latanoprost
Travoprost
Bimatoprost
Unoprostone

Increases outflow. Side effects include permanent brown pigmentation of the iris. Steam, burning, or reddened conjunctiva. Blurred vision. Migraine needs to be reported.

Question 5

Osmotic agents

Answer 5

Mannitol/Osmitrol other medications include urea, glycerin, isosorbide

Decrease IOP rapidly by drawing fluid from the anterior chamber of the eye.

Question 6

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor/systemic

Acetazolamide/diamox

Answer 6

Reduces production of fluid by causing diuresis through Reno effects. They are used to quickly lower IOP. We can be used to treat glaucoma, the cute mountain sickness, seizures, in heart failure. Side effects include anaphylaxis, cross sensitivity with sulfonamides so you need to check for a sulfa allergy. Bone marrow depression. G.I. side effects. Electrolytes depletion and altered liver function. General flu like symptoms. Paresthesias of extremities, sleepiness, seizures, glucose disturbances.

Metabolic acidosis can occur if using aspirin. It may decrease lithium.