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Health Assessment > Eye and Ear Assessment > Flashcards

Eye and Ear Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What does the cornea do?

A

Bend the incoming light so it can be focused on the inner retina

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2
Q

Iris

A

Produces the color of the eye- it contracts and dilates- moving with light

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3
Q

Pupil

A

Controls amount of light that is reaching the retina - size of pupil determined by the amount of light and accomodation (distance of object)

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4
Q

Retina

A

Visual receptive, inner layer of eye - changes light waves into light impulses

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5
Q

Visual pathways

A

Right vision of the eye is controlled by the left side of the brain and vice versa. World on the left side is viewed by the right side of the brain.

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6
Q

What is accomodation ?

A

Its about focusing - its the adaptation of the eye for near vision. Pupils constrict or dilate based on the distance of the object

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7
Q

When do the eyes form ?

A

During the first 8 weeks of gestation

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8
Q

Aging factors regarding eyes

A

Decreased tear production; visual acuity decreases at approx age 40; cataract, glaucoma, macular degeneration, arcus senilis

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9
Q

What subjective info do we need to collect about the eye ?

A 
Visual changes
Pain
Trauma
Redness 
Swelling
Discharge
Watering
Dryness
Surgery
Medication 
Past medical history 
Health promotion 
use of glasses 
family history
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10
Q

Extra subjective data for infants and children?

A 
Vaginal infection (mom, not baby) at time fo delivery 
Infant premature? 
Developmental milestone
Safety precautions
Strabismus, diplopia
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11
Q

What kind of objective data is needed for eyes?

A 
Snellen Chart- for vision 
Rosenbaum chart- near vision 
Penlight 
Ophthalmoscope
Opaque Card
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12
Q

What does an ophthalmoscope do?

A

Enlarges view of eye and allows visualization of internal structures

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13
Q

What does the Snellen Chart do ?

A

Used to screen visual acuity
Contains letters of graduated sizes at 20 feet
The numbers at the end of the chart indicate the degree of visual acuity when read from 20 feet- it is the distance from which a person with “normal” vision could read the lettering

“This patient read at 20- feet what a
“normal” person could read at
30 feet!!

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14
Q

What is the confrontation test?

A

Compares the person’s peripheral examiner against the examiners

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15
Q

What does EOM stand for?

A

Extraocular muscle

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16
Q

How do we test for EOM function?

A

Parallel alignment of eyes - the corneal light reflex tests this. Light should be aligned the same in each eye when light is shined on forehead from 12 in away.
The reflection of this light should be aligned in the same spot of each eye

17
Q

What is the cover- uncover test?

A

Patient covers one eye and then you watch movement in uncovered eye and ask to focus on distant object. Then uncover the eye and watch to make sure no eye movement is seen.

18
Q

What is the 6 Cardinal position gaze ?

A

6 cardinal position gaze to illicit muscle weakness. Normal response is parallel tracking of the object with both eyes (Conjugate gaze)
Note nystagmus-fine movement of eye

19
Q

How do you test pupillary response?

A

Iris should be clearly visible and pupils equal and round
Test the pupils for direct and indirect response to light
Shine a light directly into one eye and observe whether pupil constricts in eye (direct) and opposite eye (consensual)
Perform on both eyes

20
Q

How close do you get for internal inspection of the eye?

A

About 10 inches away- gradually come closer with the opthalmoscope until your foreheads almost touch

21
Q

Pediatric considerations for eye exam

A

E-chart for children 3-6 years of age or illiterate clients
Picture cards for 2 years and up
Can use Snellen at age 7 to 8 depending on reading level of child
Achieves 20/20 acuity by 6-7 years of age

22
Q

What does PERRLA mean?

A

Pupils should be equal, round, reactive to light and accomodation

23
Q

Pupillary Light Reflex

A

This is the normal constriction of the pupil when a bright light shines on retina.

24
Q

Visual Reflex Accomodation

A

Pupils constrict or dilate based on the distance of the object

25
Q

What is strabismus ?

A

Crossed eyed. Eyes don’t look in exactly the same direction at the same time

26
Q

What is diplopia ?

A

Double vision

27
Q

What is the confrontation test ?

A

This tests peripheral vision. The examiners finger is passed from the side to the front and the patient is asked to say now when they can see the finger.
If unable to see it as examiner does it, it suggests peripheral field loss

28
Q

What is presbyopia ?

A

Near Vision Loss - an developmental consideration for the aging adult at middle age

29
Q

What is arcus senilis ?

A

Another developmental consideration of the aging adult - this is an old age syndrome where there is a white, grey, or blue opaque ring in the corneal margin.

30
Q

What are developmental considerations for the aging adult?

A

Presbyopia development
central vision acuity may change, especially after age 70
peripheral vision may be diminished
eyes may appear shrunken

31
Q

What color is the tympanic membrane?

A

The eardrum separates the external and middle ears and it should be a pearly, gray color.
The drum itself is an oval shape and is shiny and translucent.

32
Q

Compare an infants eustachian tube with that of an adult.

A

An infants Eustachian tube is wider, more horizontal and short than that of an adults.

33
Q

How do you inspect the tympanic membrane?

A

Using an otoscope, for an adult you lift the pinna and pull it back.

Tympanic membrane should be gray in color, flat, and the cone of light is positioned at 5 o’clock in the right ear and 7 o’clock in the left ear

34
Q

What is otitis media?

A

An infection of the air filled space behind the eardrum

35
Q

How do you assess for hearing loss ?

A

Perform the voice test… have patient cover opposite ear and then whisper a word into their other air, such as baseball- receiver shoud respond correctly at least 50% of time

36
Q

What are the two types of hearing loss ?

A

Conductive and Sensorineural

37
Q

What causes conductive hearing loss?

A

external and middle ear hearing loss results from a blockage or structural dysfunction

38
Q

What causes sensorineural hearing loss?

A

perceptive loss from nerve damage in the inner ear

Health Assessment (11 decks)

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