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Anatomy Exam 4 > Eye and Ear > Flashcards

Eye and Ear Flashcards

1
Q

The lateral meeting of the superior and inferior eyelids is the

A

lateral angle of eye

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2
Q

The medial meeting of the superior and inferior eyelids is the

A

medial angle of eye

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3
Q

The ____ and ____ are within the medial angle of eye to collect tears

A

lacrimal caruncle and lacrimal lake

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4
Q

Tears drain from the caruncle and lake into the ____

A

lacrimal punctum

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5
Q

The vestigeal part of a third eyelid is the

A

semilunar fold

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6
Q

The meeting of the cornea and sclera is the

A

corneoscleral junction

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7
Q

The white of the eye is the

A

sclera

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8
Q

The clear covering of the eye is the

A

cornea

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9
Q

The mucous membrane around the eye is the

A

conjunctiva

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10
Q

The ____ covers the internal surface of eyelids

A

palpebral conjunctiva

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11
Q

The ___ covers anterior sclera of eye

A

bulbar conjunctiva

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12
Q

The palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva are continuous at the ____

A

superior and inferior conjunctival fornices

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13
Q

Tears are produced in the _____

A

lacrimal gland

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14
Q

Tears exit the lacrimal gland via several ____

A

lacrimal ducts

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15
Q

Tears pass over the surface of the eye and enter the ___

A

lacrimal puncta

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16
Q

From the lacrimal puncta tears drain into the _____ and ____

A

lacrimal canaliculi and lacrimal sac

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17
Q

From the lacrimal sac, tears enter the nasal cavity via the

A

nasolacrimal duct

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18
Q

The dense band of connective tissue which forms the eyelid is the ____

A

tarsus

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19
Q

The ____ secrete lipids to lubricate edges of eyelids and prevent lacrimal fluid from spilling over eyelids

A

tarsal glands

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20
Q

The ____ connects superior and inferior tarsi to medial margin of orbit

A

medial palpebral ligament

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21
Q

The ____ connects superior and inferior tarsi to lateral margin of orbit

A

lateral palpebral ligament

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22
Q

The sclera and cornea make up the ___ layer of the eye

A

fibrous

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23
Q

The choroid, ciliary body, and iris make up the ____ layer of the eye

A

vascular

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24
Q

The retina makes up the ___ layer of the eye

A

inner

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25
Q

The ____ is the area where the visual part of the retina ends

A

ora serrata

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26
Q

Light enters the eye through the cornea and enters the ____, which contains aqueous humor

A

anterior chamber of anterior segment

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27
Q

From the anterior segment light hits the

A

pupil

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28
Q

From the pupil, light then enters the

A

posterior chamber of anterior segment

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29
Q

From the posterior chamber of anterior segment, light hits the

A

lens

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30
Q

After light has hit the lens, it goes through the ___, which has vitreous humor

A

posterior segment

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31
Q

After light leaves the posterior segment it either hits the ___ or the ____

A

retina OR choroid

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32
Q

The space from the cornea to the iris is the

A

anterior chamber of anterior segment

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33
Q

The space from the iris to the ciliary body is the

A

posterior chamber of anterior segment

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34
Q

The space from the ciliary body to the back of the eye is the

A

posterior segment

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35
Q

Aqueous humor is made by the ____ from filtering blood plasma

A

ciliary body

36
Q

Loss of pressure in the eye results in a

A

detached retina

37
Q

Increased pressure in the eye from too much production or inefficient draining of aqueous humor results in

A

glaucoma

38
Q

Glaucoma can then lead to

A

cataracts

39
Q

The blood supply to the retina is located in the ____

A

choroid

40
Q

Suspensory ligaments/zonular fibers attach from the ____ to the ____

A

ciliary body to the lens

41
Q

When the ciliary body contracts or relaxes, the ___ changes shape

A

lens

42
Q

When the ciliary muscle is relaxed, the diameter is ___, the zonular fibers are ___, and the lens is stretched to an ___ shape

A

enlarged; stretched; oval

43
Q

When the ciliary muscle is relaxed, it decreases refraction of light allowing you to see ___

A

further away

44
Q

When the ciliary muscle is contracted, the diameter is ___, zonular fibers are ___, and the lens is ___

A

small; relaxed; round

45
Q

When the ciliary muscle is contracted, it increases refraction of light allowing you to see

A

close up

46
Q

Light coming in the retina passes from cornea to lens to ___ to ___ to ___ and finally to ___

A

ganglion cell layer to bipolar cell layer to photoreceptor layer to pigmented epithelium

47
Q

The direction of action potential propagation goes from ___ to ___ to ____

A

photoreceptor layer to bipolar cell layer to ganglion cell layer to the brain

48
Q

A bright environment and colors are absorbed by

A

cones

49
Q

A dark environment is absorbed by

A

rods

50
Q

Detailed vision is enabled by absorption of excess light in the

A

choroid

51
Q

The ____ is where axons of ganglion neurons exit the eye to become optic nerve

A

optic disc

52
Q

The optic disc contains the ___, where there are no photoreceptors

A

blind spot

53
Q

The ___ is the area where there is a higher density of photoreceptors than the rest of the retina

A

macula

54
Q

The depression in the retinal surface within the macula, the, ____ is an area of greater visual acuity

A

fovea centralis

55
Q

There is a decrease in the bipolar and ganglion cells and a much higher density of photoreceptors (cones) in the

A

fovea centralis

56
Q

Binocular overlap allows for

A

depth perception

57
Q

The right visual field is perceived by the ___ retina of the ___ eye and the ___ retina of the ___ eye

A

nasal retina of right; temporal retina of left

58
Q

The left visual field is perceived by the ___ retina of the __ eye and the ___ retina of the ___ eye

A

nasal retina of left; temporal retina of right

59
Q

The right visual field is perceived by the ___ side of the brain; the left visual field is perceived by the ___ side of the brain

A

left; right

60
Q

The movements of the eye on the A-P axis

A

lateral and medial rotation

61
Q

The movements of the eye on the transverse axis

A

elevation and depression

62
Q

The movements of the eye on the vertical axis

A

abduction and adduction

63
Q

The inferior oblique and superior rectus muscles ___ the eye

A

elevate

64
Q

The superior oblique and inferior rectus muscles ___ the eye

A

depress

65
Q

The superior oblique and superior rectus ____ the eye

A

medially rotate

66
Q

The inferior oblique and inferior rectus ___ the eye

A

laterally rotate

67
Q

The lateral rectus, superior oblique, and inferior oblique ___ the eye

A

abduct

68
Q

The medial rectus, superior rectus, and inferior rectus ___ the eye

A

adduct

69
Q

The tympanic membrane separates the ___ ear from the ___ ear

A

external ear from middle ear

70
Q

The malleus, incus, and stapes are within the ___ ear

A

middle

71
Q

The stapes is a bony connection from the ___ ear to ___ ear

A

middle ear to inner ear

72
Q

The vestibule (saccula and utricle), cochlea, and 3 semicircular canals are within the __ ear

A

inner

73
Q

The saccule and utricle and the 3 semicircular canals function in

A

balance

74
Q

The cochlea functions in

A

hearing

75
Q

The ____ connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx

A

eustachian tube

76
Q

The ___ and ___ are part of the external ear

A

auricle and external acoustic meatus

77
Q

The ___ funnels sound waves into the external acoustic meatus

A

auricle

78
Q

The ___ is a canal from external environment to tympanic membrane

A

external acoustic meatus

79
Q

The ___ is vibrated by sound waves to produce hearing

A

tympanic membrane

80
Q

The ___ is surrounded by the tympanic portion of temporal bone

A

middle ear

81
Q

The 3 auditory ossicles:

A

malleus, incus, stapes

82
Q

The stapes attaches to the ____ of the vestibule of the inner ear and vibrates it

A

oval window

83
Q

The ___ functions in horizontal acceleration for balance, parallel to the base of the skull

A

utricle

84
Q

The __ functions in vertical acceleration for balance, perpendicular to the base of the skull

A

saccule

85
Q

The ____ provide information about rotational/angular acceleration

A

3 semicircular canals

86
Q

The ___ receives special sensory information from cochlea

A

cochlear nerve

87
Q

The __ receives special sensory information from the saccule, utricle, and semicircular canals

A

vestibular nerve

Anatomy Exam 4 (6 decks)

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