Brain Flashcards
1
Q
The ____ separates the frontal and parietal lobes
A
central sulcus
2
Q
The ____ separates the temporal from the frontal and parietal lobes
A
lateral sulcus
3
Q
The precentral gyrus is part of the ___ lobe
A
frontal
4
Q
The postcentral gyrus is part of the ___
A
parietal
5
Q
Within the longitudinal fissure is the ___
A
cerebral falx
6
Q
The external gray matter of the brain
A
cerebral cortex
7
Q
The cerebral cortex contains the:
A
cell bodies and dendrites of neurons of the central lobe
8
Q
The cerebral medulla contains the:
A
axons of neurons, association fibers, commissural fibers, and projecting fibers
9
Q
Association fibers travel
A
within the same cerebral hemisphere
10
Q
Commissural fibers travel
A
across hemispheres
11
Q
Projection fibers travel
A
from the cerebrum to other parts of the brain
12
Q
The largest commissural fiber is the
A
corpus collosum
13
Q
The largest projection fiber is the
A
internal capsule
14
Q
The internal gray matter of the brain
A
basal nuclei
15
Q
The basal nuclei contains the:
A
cell bodies and dendrites of subcortical neurons
16
Q
Anterior to the central gyrus is the _____, the primary motor cortex
A
pre-central gyrus
17
Q
Anterior to the pre-central gyrus is the
A
premotor cortex
18
Q
Posterior to the central gyrus is the ___, the primary somatosensory cortex
A
post-central gyrus
19
Q
Posterior to the post-central gyrus is the
A
somatosensory association cortex
20
Q
Cell bodies of upper motor neurons are in the
A
primary motor cortex
21
Q
Cortical neurons for 3rd order sensory are in the
A
primary somatosensory cortex
22
Q
Vision is located where in the cortex
A
primary visual cortex and visual association area of posterior cortex on occipital lobe
23
Q
Hearing is located where in the cortex
A
primary auditory cortex and auditory association area in superior part of temporal lobe
24
Q
Broca’s area is located
A
frontal lobe cortex
25
Broca's area is ____ and includes ___, ___, and ___
motor; speaking, body language, and writing
26
Wernicke's area is located
parietal and temporal cortex
27
Wernicke's area is ____ and includes ___ and ___
sensory; listening and reading
28
Handedness is ____ sided from language and ____ side from body language
opposite; same
29
Olfaction is from the ____ of the cortex
piriform lobe/primary olfactory cortex
30
The _____ is a part of the cortex between frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes
insular lobe
31
The insular lobe has ____ sensory, gustatory cortex, and vestibular cortex
visceral
32
The prefrontal cortex is also known as the
anterior association area
33
The prefrontal cortex grows slowly in children and is affected by _____
experiences in social environment
34
Executive function, emotion processing, working memory, intellect, learning, and personality are all part of the
anterior association area
35
Wernicke's area, organization of sensory information, pattern recognition, self awareness, localization, and facial recognition are all part of the
posterior association area
36
Between the insular lobe and the internal capsule is the ___
lentiform nucleus
37
The two parts of the lentiform nucleus are the ___ and ___
putamen and globus pallidus
38
The white area between the insular lobe and the putamen is the
external capsule
39
The external capsule is made up of ___ fibers
association fibers
40
The internal capsule is made up of ____ fibers
projecting fibers
41
The ____ receives input from cerebral cortex
basal nuclei
42
Output from basal nuclei, subthalamic nuclei, and substantia nigra project to the _____ and then are relayed to the ____ and ____ to influence somatic motor
thalamus; prefrontal and premotor cortex
43
The substantia nigra is a part of the
midbrain
44
The anterior pituitary is made up of ____ tissue
epithelial
45
A cluster of nuclei that is a relay center for info going to and from the cerebral cortex
thalamus
46
The ___ is involved with basal nuclei and substantia nigra in influencing somatic motor function
subthalamic nuclei
47
The ____ is stimulated to produce melatonin by darkness and inhibited by light
pineal gland
48
The ____ are multiple nuclei that affect sleep-wake cycles, reward processing, pain processing, reproductive behavior, nutrition, stress responses, and learning
habenula
49
The ____ is the visceral control center of the body
hypothalamus
50
What are the 6 functions of the hypothalamus?
ANS control center, control of endocrine system, regulation of sleep-wake cycles, body temperature, hunger and satiety, thirst/osmoreceptors
51
The ____ of the corpora quadrigemini control visual reflexes--movement of head, eyes, and body toward stimuli
superior colliculi
52
The ____ of the corpora quadrigemini controls hearing reflexes and coordinates hearing with vision
inferior colliculi
53
The ____ is made up of the two parts of the corpora quadrigemini
tectum
54
Within the midbrain, the tegmentum is made up of nuclei of cranial nerves, ____ (tracts of sensory axons), _____ (filters sensory information), _____ (filters sensory information), and ____(nuclei for some somatic motor)
medial lemniscus; reticular formation; red nuclei
55
The ____, parts of midbrain, are motor axons
cerebral peduncles
56
The ____ coordinates somatic motor with basal and subthalamic nuclei
substantia nigra
57
Within the pons there are tracts of sensory and motor axons, and _____
pontine nuclei
58
The pontine nuclei contains nuclei of cranial nerves as well as reticular formations, and it connects the ____ to the ____, as well as is the ____
motor cortex to the cerebellum; respiratory center
59
The nuclei of cranial nerves, medial lemniscus, pyramids, olives, reticular formation, and reflex centers are located in the ___
medulla oblongata
60
The ____ are tracts of motor neurons
pyramids
61
The ____ contains inferior olivary nuclei
olives
62
The inferior olivary nuclei relays ____ to the cerebellum
proprioception
63
The cerebellum receives information from the ____ (somatic motor, vision, and balance), _____, and _____ of brainstem
cerebrum; proprioceptors; vestibular nuclei of brainstem
64
The ___ plans movements
cerebellum
65
The _____ and ___ plan body movements--calculating force, direction, and extent of muscle contraction to coordinate movements and comparing body's performance to the intended movement
lateral hemisphere and vermis
66
The _____ receives sensory information from the vestibular and visual systems as well as adjusts posture and eye movements to maintain balance
flocconodular lobe
67
The anterior horn of the lateral ventricle is located in the ___ lobe
frontal
68
The posterior horn of the lateral ventricle is located in the ___ lobe
occipital
69
The inferior horn of the lateral ventricle is located in the ___ lobe
temporal
70
From the lateral ventricles, CSF passes into the _____
right and left interventricular foramen
71
From the interventricular foramen, CSF enters the ___
3rd ventricle
72
From the 3rd ventricle, CSF drains into the
cerebral aquaduct
73
The cerebral aquaduct empties CSF into the
4th ventricle
74
The 4th ventricle then drains into the
central canal of the spinal cord
75
The ___ is located in the midline between the right and left diencephalon
3rd ventricle
76
The ____ passes through the midbrain
cerebral aquaduct
77
The ___ is located between the cerebellum and the pons/medulla
4th ventricle
78
The ____ are located between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura mater
dural venous sinuses
79
The CSF is located within the _____ space
subarachnoid
80
The ____ layer of the dura mater is continuous with the dura around the spinal cord
meningeal
81
The ____ layer of the dura mater is continuous with the periosteum on the external surface of skull bone
periosteal
82
The ____ is located within the longitudinal cerebral fissure
falx cerebri
83
The falx cerebri attaches anteriorly to the _____ and posteriorly to the _____
frontal crest and crista galli of ethmoid; internal occipital protuberance
84
The ____ partially separates cerebellar hemispheres and attaches to internal occipital crest
falx cerebelli
85
The ____ is a horizontal fold that separates cerebrum from cerebellum
tentorium cerebelli
86
The opening within the tentorium where the brainstem travels through is the
tentorial notch
87
The ____ is a horizontal fold that covers the pituitary gland within the hypophysial fossa of the sphenoid; it also has an opening for the infundibulum of pituitary
diaphragm sellae
88
Cavernous sinus receives blood from ____ and ___
superior and inferior opthalmic veins and sphenoparietal sinus
89
The cavernous sinus drains into ____ and ____ sinuses and ___ and ___ plexuses
superior and inferior petrosal sinuses AND ptyergoid and basilar plexuses
90
The confluence of sinuses receives blood from the ___ , ____, and ____
superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, and occipital sinus
91
The straight sinus receives blood from ____ and ____
inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein
92
The transverse sinuses receive blood from the ___ and ___
confluence of sinuses and superior petrosal sinus
93
The sigmoid sinus receives blood from ____ and ____
transverse sinuses and inferior petrosal sinus
94
The ____ and ____ are within the cavernous sinus surrounded by venous blood
internal carotid artery and abducens nerve
95
The ____, _____, _____, and ____ are within the wall of the cavernous sinus
oculomotor, trochlear, opthalmic, and maxillary nerves
96
The ____ is just superior to the cavernous sinus and enlargement can press on structures within the sinus
pituitary gland
97
The ____ nerve receives somatic sensory from tentorium cerebelli and falx cerebri
tentorial
98
The _____ of anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves receive somatic sensory from dura mater of the anterior cranial fossa
anterior meningeal branches
99
The ____ receives somatic sensory from dura mater of the anterior and middle cranial fossa
meningeal branch of maxillary
100
The ____ receives somatic sensory from the middle cranial fossa
meningeal branch of mandibular
101
The ____ receives somatic sensory from the posterior cranial fossa
meningeal branches of vagus, hypoglossal, and C1-C3 spinal nerves
102
CSF is blood plasma filtered by _____ in the choroid plexuses of ventricles
ependymal cells
103
CSF drains through _____ to enter venous blood
arachnoid villi
104
The lateral extensions of superior sagittal sinus are called
lateral venous lacuna
