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Anatomy Exam 4 > Brain > Flashcards

Brain Flashcards

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WSET ® Level 4 D2 Business of Wine flashcards
1
Q

The ____ separates the frontal and parietal lobes

A

central sulcus

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2
Q

The ____ separates the temporal from the frontal and parietal lobes

A

lateral sulcus

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3
Q

The precentral gyrus is part of the ___ lobe

A

frontal

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4
Q

The postcentral gyrus is part of the ___

A

parietal

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5
Q

Within the longitudinal fissure is the ___

A

cerebral falx

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6
Q

The external gray matter of the brain

A

cerebral cortex

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7
Q

The cerebral cortex contains the:

A

cell bodies and dendrites of neurons of the central lobe

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8
Q

The cerebral medulla contains the:

A

axons of neurons, association fibers, commissural fibers, and projecting fibers

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9
Q

Association fibers travel

A

within the same cerebral hemisphere

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10
Q

Commissural fibers travel

A

across hemispheres

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11
Q

Projection fibers travel

A

from the cerebrum to other parts of the brain

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12
Q

The largest commissural fiber is the

A

corpus collosum

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13
Q

The largest projection fiber is the

A

internal capsule

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14
Q

The internal gray matter of the brain

A

basal nuclei

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15
Q

The basal nuclei contains the:

A

cell bodies and dendrites of subcortical neurons

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16
Q

Anterior to the central gyrus is the _____, the primary motor cortex

A

pre-central gyrus

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17
Q

Anterior to the pre-central gyrus is the

A

premotor cortex

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18
Q

Posterior to the central gyrus is the ___, the primary somatosensory cortex

A

post-central gyrus

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19
Q

Posterior to the post-central gyrus is the

A

somatosensory association cortex

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20
Q

Cell bodies of upper motor neurons are in the

A

primary motor cortex

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21
Q

Cortical neurons for 3rd order sensory are in the

A

primary somatosensory cortex

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22
Q

Vision is located where in the cortex

A

primary visual cortex and visual association area of posterior cortex on occipital lobe

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23
Q

Hearing is located where in the cortex

A

primary auditory cortex and auditory association area in superior part of temporal lobe

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24
Q

Broca’s area is located

A

frontal lobe cortex

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25
Q

Broca’s area is ____ and includes ___, ___, and ___

A

motor; speaking, body language, and writing

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26
Q

Wernicke’s area is located

A

parietal and temporal cortex

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27
Q

Wernicke’s area is ____ and includes ___ and ___

A

sensory; listening and reading

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28
Q

Handedness is ____ sided from language and ____ side from body language

A

opposite; same

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29
Q

Olfaction is from the ____ of the cortex

A

piriform lobe/primary olfactory cortex

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30
Q

The _____ is a part of the cortex between frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes

A

insular lobe

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31
Q

The insular lobe has ____ sensory, gustatory cortex, and vestibular cortex

A

visceral

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32
Q

The prefrontal cortex is also known as the

A

anterior association area

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33
Q

The prefrontal cortex grows slowly in children and is affected by _____

A

experiences in social environment

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34
Q

Executive function, emotion processing, working memory, intellect, learning, and personality are all part of the

A

anterior association area

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35
Q

Wernicke’s area, organization of sensory information, pattern recognition, self awareness, localization, and facial recognition are all part of the

A

posterior association area

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36
Q

Between the insular lobe and the internal capsule is the ___

A

lentiform nucleus

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37
Q

The two parts of the lentiform nucleus are the ___ and ___

A

putamen and globus pallidus

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38
Q

The white area between the insular lobe and the putamen is the

A

external capsule

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39
Q

The external capsule is made up of ___ fibers

A

association fibers

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40
Q

The internal capsule is made up of ____ fibers

A

projecting fibers

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41
Q

The ____ receives input from cerebral cortex

A

basal nuclei

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42
Q

Output from basal nuclei, subthalamic nuclei, and substantia nigra project to the _____ and then are relayed to the ____ and ____ to influence somatic motor

A

thalamus; prefrontal and premotor cortex

43
Q

The substantia nigra is a part of the

A

midbrain

44
Q

The anterior pituitary is made up of ____ tissue

A

epithelial

45
Q

A cluster of nuclei that is a relay center for info going to and from the cerebral cortex

A

thalamus

46
Q

The ___ is involved with basal nuclei and substantia nigra in influencing somatic motor function

A

subthalamic nuclei

47
Q

The ____ is stimulated to produce melatonin by darkness and inhibited by light

A

pineal gland

48
Q

The ____ are multiple nuclei that affect sleep-wake cycles, reward processing, pain processing, reproductive behavior, nutrition, stress responses, and learning

A

habenula

49
Q

The ____ is the visceral control center of the body

A

hypothalamus

50
Q

What are the 6 functions of the hypothalamus?

A

ANS control center, control of endocrine system, regulation of sleep-wake cycles, body temperature, hunger and satiety, thirst/osmoreceptors

51
Q

The ____ of the corpora quadrigemini control visual reflexes–movement of head, eyes, and body toward stimuli

A

superior colliculi

52
Q

The ____ of the corpora quadrigemini controls hearing reflexes and coordinates hearing with vision

A

inferior colliculi

53
Q

The ____ is made up of the two parts of the corpora quadrigemini

A

tectum

54
Q

Within the midbrain, the tegmentum is made up of nuclei of cranial nerves, ____ (tracts of sensory axons), _____ (filters sensory information), _____ (filters sensory information), and ____(nuclei for some somatic motor)

A

medial lemniscus; reticular formation; red nuclei

55
Q

The ____, parts of midbrain, are motor axons

A

cerebral peduncles

56
Q

The ____ coordinates somatic motor with basal and subthalamic nuclei

A

substantia nigra

57
Q

Within the pons there are tracts of sensory and motor axons, and _____

A

pontine nuclei

58
Q

The pontine nuclei contains nuclei of cranial nerves as well as reticular formations, and it connects the ____ to the ____, as well as is the ____

A

motor cortex to the cerebellum; respiratory center

59
Q

The nuclei of cranial nerves, medial lemniscus, pyramids, olives, reticular formation, and reflex centers are located in the ___

A

medulla oblongata

60
Q

The ____ are tracts of motor neurons

A

pyramids

61
Q

The ____ contains inferior olivary nuclei

A

olives

62
Q

The inferior olivary nuclei relays ____ to the cerebellum

A

proprioception

63
Q

The cerebellum receives information from the ____ (somatic motor, vision, and balance), _____, and _____ of brainstem

A

cerebrum; proprioceptors; vestibular nuclei of brainstem

64
Q

The ___ plans movements

A

cerebellum

65
Q

The _____ and ___ plan body movements–calculating force, direction, and extent of muscle contraction to coordinate movements and comparing body’s performance to the intended movement

A

lateral hemisphere and vermis

66
Q

The _____ receives sensory information from the vestibular and visual systems as well as adjusts posture and eye movements to maintain balance

A

flocconodular lobe

67
Q

The anterior horn of the lateral ventricle is located in the ___ lobe

A

frontal

68
Q

The posterior horn of the lateral ventricle is located in the ___ lobe

A

occipital

69
Q

The inferior horn of the lateral ventricle is located in the ___ lobe

A

temporal

70
Q

From the lateral ventricles, CSF passes into the _____

A

right and left interventricular foramen

71
Q

From the interventricular foramen, CSF enters the ___

A

3rd ventricle

72
Q

From the 3rd ventricle, CSF drains into the

A

cerebral aquaduct

73
Q

The cerebral aquaduct empties CSF into the

A

4th ventricle

74
Q

The 4th ventricle then drains into the

A

central canal of the spinal cord

75
Q

The ___ is located in the midline between the right and left diencephalon

A

3rd ventricle

76
Q

The ____ passes through the midbrain

A

cerebral aquaduct

77
Q

The ___ is located between the cerebellum and the pons/medulla

A

4th ventricle

78
Q

The ____ are located between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura mater

A

dural venous sinuses

79
Q

The CSF is located within the _____ space

A

subarachnoid

80
Q

The ____ layer of the dura mater is continuous with the dura around the spinal cord

A

meningeal

81
Q

The ____ layer of the dura mater is continuous with the periosteum on the external surface of skull bone

A

periosteal

82
Q

The ____ is located within the longitudinal cerebral fissure

A

falx cerebri

83
Q

The falx cerebri attaches anteriorly to the _____ and posteriorly to the _____

A

frontal crest and crista galli of ethmoid; internal occipital protuberance

84
Q

The ____ partially separates cerebellar hemispheres and attaches to internal occipital crest

A

falx cerebelli

85
Q

The ____ is a horizontal fold that separates cerebrum from cerebellum

A

tentorium cerebelli

86
Q

The opening within the tentorium where the brainstem travels through is the

A

tentorial notch

87
Q

The ____ is a horizontal fold that covers the pituitary gland within the hypophysial fossa of the sphenoid; it also has an opening for the infundibulum of pituitary

A

diaphragm sellae

88
Q

Cavernous sinus receives blood from ____ and ___

A

superior and inferior opthalmic veins and sphenoparietal sinus

89
Q

The cavernous sinus drains into ____ and ____ sinuses and ___ and ___ plexuses

A

superior and inferior petrosal sinuses AND ptyergoid and basilar plexuses

90
Q

The confluence of sinuses receives blood from the ___ , ____, and ____

A

superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, and occipital sinus

91
Q

The straight sinus receives blood from ____ and ____

A

inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein

92
Q

The transverse sinuses receive blood from the ___ and ___

A

confluence of sinuses and superior petrosal sinus

93
Q

The sigmoid sinus receives blood from ____ and ____

A

transverse sinuses and inferior petrosal sinus

94
Q

The ____ and ____ are within the cavernous sinus surrounded by venous blood

A

internal carotid artery and abducens nerve

95
Q

The ____, _____, _____, and ____ are within the wall of the cavernous sinus

A

oculomotor, trochlear, opthalmic, and maxillary nerves

96
Q

The ____ is just superior to the cavernous sinus and enlargement can press on structures within the sinus

A

pituitary gland

97
Q

The ____ nerve receives somatic sensory from tentorium cerebelli and falx cerebri

A

tentorial

98
Q

The _____ of anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves receive somatic sensory from dura mater of the anterior cranial fossa

A

anterior meningeal branches

99
Q

The ____ receives somatic sensory from dura mater of the anterior and middle cranial fossa

A

meningeal branch of maxillary

100
Q

The ____ receives somatic sensory from the middle cranial fossa

A

meningeal branch of mandibular

101
Q

The ____ receives somatic sensory from the posterior cranial fossa

A

meningeal branches of vagus, hypoglossal, and C1-C3 spinal nerves

102
Q

CSF is blood plasma filtered by _____ in the choroid plexuses of ventricles

A

ependymal cells

103
Q

CSF drains through _____ to enter venous blood

A

arachnoid villi

104
Q

The lateral extensions of superior sagittal sinus are called

A

lateral venous lacuna

Anatomy Exam 4 (6 decks)

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