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xCASE 21 SBA > Eye Anatomy > Flashcards

Eye Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Label the orbit bones

A
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2
Q

Label the fissures/ canal/ formina of the orbit

A
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3
Q

What is contained within the optic canal?

A

Optic nerve

Ophthalmic artery

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4
Q

where do eyelids meet?

A

Medial and laterla Canthus

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5
Q

Label this

What is the orbital septum?

A

orbital septum- connecitve tissue that attaches to orbit- extension of the periosteum

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6
Q

Describe the Muscle which is superficial to the fibrous framework of the orbit ?

what is there function?

A

Orbicularis oculi muscle——> movements of the eyelid (close)

orbital; part- forcefully

Palpebral part- gently

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7
Q

what Nerve innervated the orbicularis occuli?

A

CN VII facial nerve

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8
Q

Label this

A
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9
Q

What is the role of Levator palpebrae?

innervated by

A

innervated by CNIII- oculomotor

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10
Q

what is the role of the superiro trasal msucle

A
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11
Q

Label this?

A
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12
Q

Describe the outer coat of the eye?

A

cornea

Sclera

limbus

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13
Q

Describe the middle cosat of the eye (uvea/ vascular layer)

A

iris

ciliary body (ciliary muscles/ciliary processes)

choriod

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14
Q

Describe the inner coat of the eye?

A

retinal pigment epithelium

retina

light sensitive tissue that lines back of the eye

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15
Q

what is the role of the cornea?

A
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16
Q

What makes up 85% of the outer (fiborous) coat of the eye and provides attachments for extraocular muscles?

A

Sclera

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17
Q

What is this?

A

Keratoconus

non inflamamotry eye condition- cornea thins and progressive becomes cone like bulge

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18
Q

what is the uveal layer

A

uveal or vascular

Middle coat of the eye

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19
Q

what is the choriod

A

Most posterior and highly vasuclarised area of the posteriro eye

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20
Q

what are the Ciliary processes

A

connected to the lens of the eyeball by the zonula fubres (suspensory ligament of the lens)

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21
Q

describe the action and innevration of the ciliary msucle

A

parasympathetic control and CNIII m(oculomotor)

contracts and pulls the ciliary proccess forward-

suspensory ligament relax

lens fattens , more relaced

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22
Q

label this

A
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23
Q

what is the iris?

A

the iris is an extension of the ciliary body that cotnrols pupil size

this is the coloured area of the eye

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24
Q

what is the role of the spincter pupillae?

A

Parasympathetic

constrict the pupil

CNIII (oculomotor)

(circular fibres)

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25
Q

Describe the role of the Dilator pupiullae

what condition causes paralysis

A

radiuclar fibres

sympathetic

dilates the pupil

(horners syndrome -due to lesion of the sympathetic fibres cuase parlaysis of the pupillary dilator iris and miosis)_

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26
Q

what is the function of the Lens?

how do the ciliary body alter its ability?

A

focusing light and producing clear sharp images

ciliary muscle contract- fattens lens for close vision

ciliary muscle relax- lens flattens for long visison

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27
Q

Label

A
28
Q

describe the chambers of the eye?

A

iris divides the space between the cornea and lens into 2 chamber

  • Posterior chamber
    • Bounded by the iris, ciliary processes, zonular fibres and the lens
  • Anterior chamber
    • Bounded by the cornea and the iris
    • Filled with aqueous humour
  • Canal of Schlemm
    • Drainage of aqueous humour
      *
29
Q

What is the conjuctiva?

A

thin translucent mucous membrane that lines the eyeball and eyelid (palpebral= eyelid), (bulbar= eye)

bulba conjucitva

palpebral conjuctivae

30
Q

what is the angle of difference between the axis of orbit and the axis of the eye ball?

A

23 degrees

eeyeball has to move 23 degrees (laterally) to be in the axis of the orbit

31
Q

what are the extraocular muscles of the eye

and what is there innervation!

hint (LR6(SO4)3)

A

Lateral rectus- CNVI (abducnes)

superiro oblique ( CN IV trochlear)

CNIII (occulomotor)

  • superior rectus
  • medial rectus
  • inferiro rectus
  • inferiro oblique
32
Q

Label this and what is the innervation

A

LR6(SO4)3

33
Q

what are these movements of the eye?

A
34
Q

what is the role of rotation eye movement (extorsion and intorsion)

A

help when we turn to maintain binocular vision

35
Q

Role of Medial rectus

and innervation

A

adduction (pulls to midline)

CNIII

36
Q

what is the role of laterl rectus and its innervation

A

abduction (pulls away from the midline)

Suppplied by CNVI

37
Q

what are ‘yolk muslces’ of the eye

A

medial and lateral rectus are both yolk muscles

When we look right

Medial rectus of left eye contracts

Lateral rectus of right eye contracts

MAKE sure that eyes look in the same direction!

38
Q

Describe the movement of superiro rectus

and its innervation

A

CNIII

Elevation, intorsion and adduction

39
Q

when the eye in abduction what is the only movement superiro rectus can do?

A

Elevate!

40
Q

Describe the movemetns and innevation of inferiro rectus?

A

Depression, extorsion and adduction!

41
Q

describe the only movemetn inferiro rectus can do when the eye is abducted?

A

con only depress the eye

42
Q

which muscle attaches to the Trochlea in the eye?

A

superiro oblique- acts as a pulley sustem

43
Q

describe the movement of the superiro oblique and its innervation

A

when the muscle contracts

intorsion

depression and abduction (think diagonally)

CNIV

44
Q

when the eye is adducted describe the only movement superiro obliwue can do?

A

Depression of the eye

45
Q

describe the movement of the inferior obliwue and its innervation

A

CNIII

extorsion, elevation adn adduction (think diagnoally)

46
Q

Describe the only movement inferiro oblique can perform if the eye is adducted?

A

Elevation

47
Q

What is the ophtalmic artery a branch of ?

A

internal carotid artery!

48
Q

Label the circle of willis

A
49
Q

what artery is a branch of the opthlamic artery enters the optic canal / dsic to supply the inner retina?

A

Central retinal artery

50
Q

what arteries from the circle of Zinn in the orbit?

A

ciliary arterys

branchs of the opthalmic artery

supply the outer retina anatastomose

51
Q

Describe Nerve supply to the eye?

special sense?

gene sens

Motor?

Parasympathetic?

A
52
Q

Which CN supplies sensation over the cornea?

A

The ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve

Tested by the corneal reflex

CNV1

53
Q

Describe sympathetic innervation of muscles of the eye?

A

Superiro trasal and the dilator pupillae

are both controlled by sympathetic innervation

Pathology- horners syndroem

ptossis and miosis (due to unooposed PS nerve supply)

54
Q

what is the edinger westphal nucleus involved in?

A

Parasympathetic control of pupil light reflex - travels with CNIII

55
Q

where do we find the Motor nuclei of CN III, IV, VI

A

Located medially in the braintsem are the motor nuclie of the cranila nerves (extraocualr movements)

56
Q

CNVI opthalmic branch of the trigeminal supplies the general sensation of the cornea- where is its nucleus located

A

extends thought the brainstem laterally (blue)

57
Q

Label this sagital T1 weight MRI of orbit

A

Sagittal rectus

Optic nerve

Levator Pupillae superiors muscle

Orbicularis oculi muscle (right)

Eyeball

Inferior rectus muscle

Inferior oblique muscle of eyeball

58
Q

Describe the route of lacrimiantion?

A
59
Q

what is the role of aqueous humour where is it produced?

A

supplies nutrients to the avascular front part of the eye

clear

produced by ciliary bodies

60
Q

Describe the Flwo fo aqueous humour through the eye?

A

Active secretion and ultrafiltration by ciliary epithelium into the posteriro cghambver

flows in front of lens through the pupil to ansteiro change

drain out the angle of the eye between the cornea and the iris through the traebcular netowrk into the canal of schlemm

61
Q

what is glaucomma ?

A

anything that disrupts the ciruclation of fluid can casue pressure in the eye to become too low or too high!

can be primary (open or closed angle)

or secondary due to steriro, uveitis or truama!

62
Q

what is open angle glaucoma?

A

outflow of Aqueous humour through the trabeuclar meshwork is reduced

causes a graudual reduction of the peripheral vision- until end stage

63
Q

what is a closed angle glaucoma?

A

iris is forced agsints the traebcular meshwork (tissue in the anteriro chamber)

prventing drianage of aquaopus humour

Opthalamic Emergency can rapdily lead to blindness

64
Q

what is a glaucoma?

A

a blockage of aquosu humour draining from the anteriro comaprtment of the eye

fluid increase

increase in intraocular pressure

damages optic nerve

65
Q

what would we seen upon examination of gluacoma

A

snellen chart reduction ina cuity

visual field intirlla peripheraly then central

fundoscopy increased cup: disc ratio

xCASE 21 SBA (5 decks)

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