EYE

Question 1

Describe the features of uvea

• function
• position
• composed of which 3 parts

Answer 1

Vascular coat of eye ball and lies between sclera and retina.
composed of three parts:
Iris, ciliary body, choroid.
3 portions are conneted and a disease of one part also affects the other portions

Question 2

Describe the features of choroid.
position:
composed of:

Answer 2

Position: lies between retina k sclera

Composed of: layers of blood vessels that nourish the bak of the eye

Question 3

Iris:
Function:
Structure:

Answer 3

Function: controls light levels inside the eye
Structure: embedded with tiny muscles that dilate and constrict pupil.

Question 4

Lens
Function:
Structure:

Answer 4

Function:
Structure:

Question 5

What is lens zonules?

Answer 5

lens is suspended by a fibrous ring known as kens zonules, consists of passive connective tissue

Question 6

Retina
Description:
Function:

Answer 6

Description:
Function:

Question 7

Optic Nerve

Function:

Answer 7

• transmits electrical impulses from the retina to the brain
• it connects to the back of the eye near the macula
• the visible portion f optic nerve is called optic disc

Question 8

Location of
Anterior Segment:
Posterior Segment:
diagram

Answer 8

Anterior Segment: ocular structure anterior to lens

Posterior Segment: ocular structure posterior to lenses

Question 9

Anterior Chamber:
Location and function
diagram

Answer 9

between cornea and lens. -filled with clear aqueous fluid

• supplies nutrients
• contains ciliary body:

Question 10

Describe the route of aqueous flow

Answer 10

• produced by ciliary epithelium

- …

Question 11

Glaucoma

Answer 11

…
Types of glaucoma:
-Primary open angle glaucoma (left) commonest: trabecular meshwork dysfunction

Question 12

What is the blind spot

Answer 12

it is where the optic nerve meets the retina there are no light sensitive sensitive cells.

Question 13

What is the blind spot?

Answer 13

it is where the optic nerve meets the retina there are no light sensitive sensitive cells.
Optic disc-corresponding anatomic landmark for the physiological blind spot

Question 14

macula: fovea test

Answer 14

Fovea has the highest conncetration of cones, but low conc of rods. This is why stars out of the corner of your eye are brighter than when you look at them directly. But only your fovea has the conc of cones to perceive detaile

Question 15

Central and peripheral vision

Answer 15

Central vision:
-detailed day vision, colour vision - fovea
-reading, fascial recognition,
- assessed by visual acuity assessment
-Loss of foveal vision - poor visual acuity
Peripheral vision:
- Shape, movement, night vision
- Navigation vision
- Assesd by visual field assessment
-Extensive loss of visual field assessment - unable to navigate in environment, patient may need white stick even with perfect visual activity

Question 16

Describe the structure of the retina

Answer 16

Outer layer - photoreceptors (1t order neurones) - detection of light
Middle layer - bipolar cells (2nd order neurones) - local signal processing to improve contrst sensitivity, regulate sensitivity
Inner layer - retinal ganglion cells (3rd order neurons) - transmission of signal from eye to brain