Eye

Question 1

What are the muscles of the eye?

Answer 1

Superior rectus
Medial rectus
Lateral rectus
Inferior rectus
Superior oblique
Inferior oblique

Question 2

What is the sclera?

Answer 2

White of the eye

Question 3

What is the choroid?

Answer 3

Vascular layer of eye

Question 4

What does the iris do?

Answer 4

Colourful part
Has aqueous matter
Assists in regulating amount of light and obtaining clear images

Question 5

What does the retina do?

Answer 5

Receives images of external objects

Question 6

What is the macula lutea responsible for?

Answer 6

High resolution and central vision

Yellow spot on retina

Question 7

Explain nerve supply to the eye.

Answer 7

Optic nerve - carries visual impulses, sensation of pain, touch, etc

Occulomotor - nerve to rectus muscles except lateral

Abducens - lateral rectus muscle

Trio clear - super oblique muscle

Question 8

What is the blood supply for the eye?

Answer 8

Internal carotid - supplies globe, muscles, eyelids

Retinal artery and vein - supplies retina

Question 9

What is a chalazion on?

Answer 9

Chronic granulomatous inflammation of one or more of meibomian glands of tarsal plate (connective tissue) of eyelid
Blocked oil gland

Question 10

What is the upward turning in of the eyelid called? How is it fixed?

Answer 10

Entropion

Fixed with blepharoplasty
Weis procedure for cicatricial entropion

Question 11

What is weis procedure?

Answer 11

Placement of everything mattress suture along blepharotomy line

Question 12

What is ectropion?

Answer 12

Sagging and e version of lower lid due to relaxed orbicular muscle and canthal tendons.

Repaired with lateral canthal sling procedure.

Question 13

How is tear duct blockage relieved?

Answer 13

By tear duct probing

Lacrimal probe inserted into tear duct

Question 14

What is a dacryocystorhinostomy?

Answer 14

Creation of a new tear pathway for drainage into nasal cavity. Usually needed with chronic infection of lacrimal sac and mucous membranes.

Question 15

What is enucleation?

Answer 15

Removal of entire eyeball severing from muscles and optic nerve. Usually done for painful blind eye, tumors, and traumatic injury.

Question 16

What is evisceration of the eye?

Answer 16

Removal of eye contents leaving sclera and muscles intact.

Question 17

What is strabismus? How is it fixed?

Answer 17

Lack of coordination between extraocular eye muscles or brain not coordinating eyes.

Weak muscles made stronger or strong muscles made weaker.

Myectomy - method for weakening muscle for v pattern or superior oblique palsy

Tuck - method of shortening sup oblique muscle tendon

Question 18

What is a pterygium excision?

Answer 18

Raised wedge shaped growth on conjunctiva to cornea on nasal side of eye. Associated with ultraviolet light exposure, low humidity, and dust.

Question 19

What methods of removal are there for cataracts?

Answer 19

Intracapsular extraction : rarely done today. Removes lens.

Extracapsular extraction : anterior portion of capsule ruptured and removed. Lens cortex and nucleus expressed from eye. Leaves posterior capsule.

Question 20

What is a vitrectomy?

Answer 20

Removal of vitreous gel, fibrotic membrane.

Question 21

What is tetracaine?

Answer 21

Topical anesthetic used in eyes.