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Head & Neck 2-My Flashcards > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

V1

A

supraorbital
supratrochlear
infratrochlear
lacrimal

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2
Q

V2

A

infraorbital

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3
Q

Lacrimal gland is ____ and _____ to the eye!!!!

A

superior; lacrimal

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4
Q

Flow of aqueous humor and travels out of ?

A

Canal of schlemm

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5
Q

Tunics : superficial to deep?

A

Fibrous>vascular–>neural

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6
Q

Fibrous layer includes

A

sclera and cornea

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7
Q

Vascular layer includes

A

choroid, ciliary body, suspensary ligaments, iris

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8
Q

Neural layer includes

A

Retina (pigmented part, neural part, has rodes and cones)

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9
Q

Mydriasis

A

dilation of the eye, term is usually used to describe abnormal dilation (drugs or disease)

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10
Q

Emmetropia

A

normal vision

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11
Q

Ametropias (ocular disorder)

A

myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, prebyopia

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12
Q

Retina has two parts?

A

Pigmented Part

Neural Part

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13
Q

Pigmented part of retina

A

Thin outer layer

Absorbs light preventing ‘visual echoes’

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14
Q

Neural part of retina

A

Thick inner layer

Contains photoreceptors, neurons, and supporting cells

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15
Q

Two types of photoreceptors?

A

Cones and Rods

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16
Q

Rods

A

Function in dim light
Don’t provide sharp vision or color vision
Periphery of retina
125 million

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17
Q

Cones

A 
Operate best in bright light
Provide high acuity
Color vision
Center of retina
6 million
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18
Q

Organization of cones and rodes

A

horizontal cells

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19
Q

Organization of bipolar cells

A

Amacrine cells

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20
Q

Organization of ganglion cells

A

Become optic nerve

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21
Q

Retinal regions

A

Macula lutea
Fovea centralis
Optic Disc (papilla)

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22
Q

Macula lutea

A

Lateral to optic disc

Contains mostly cones

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23
Q

Fovea centralis

A

Contains only cones

Maximal visual acuity

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24
Q

Optic Disc

A

Blind spot, contains no rods or cones
Unmyelinated axons (become myelinated after the optic disc)
Central artery and vein enter/exit eye

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25
Q

What makes a person colorblind?

A

Not having all the different types of opsin (red, blue, green cones). These cones may be nonfunctional, absent, unable to manufacture pigments

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26
Q

Visual Pathway just cell?

Long version?

A

Photoreceptor—>bipolar cell–>ganglion cell (unmyelinated axons)–>visual cortex of cerebral hemispheres (occipital lobe)

Photreceptorganglion cellsoptics discoptic nerveoptic chiasmOptic tract–>geniculate mucleus of thalamusvisual cortex of opposite occipital lobe

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27
Q

Lesion of optic nerve causes

A

blindness

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28
Q

Lesions of optic chiasm causes

A

Bitemporal hemianopsia (partial blindness)

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29
Q

Lesions of optic tract

A

Homonymous hemianopsia

loss of half of the field of view on the same side in both eyes

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30
Q

Eye Mnemonic

A

(LR6SO4)3
Lateral Rectus, VI
Superior Oblique, IV
All others, III

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31
Q

strabismus

A

cross-eyed

Lack of coordination of the extraocular muscles

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32
Q

periorbital fascia

A

Periosteum of the orbit
Also called periorbita
Fat surrounding the eye

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33
Q

Central retinal artery travel with the ___ and supplies ___.

A

optic nerve; retina

34
Q

2 nodes responsible for lymphatic drainage of the orbit?

A

preauricular node

submandibular node

35
Q

bones creating the orbital margin?

A

zygomatic bone
maxilla
frontal bone

36
Q

superior wall of orbit

A

Frontal

Lesser wing of sphenoid

37
Q

Inferior wall of orbit

A

Maxilla
Zygomatic
Palatine

38
Q

Medial wall of orbit

A

Ethmoid
Lacrimal
Frontal
Maxilla

39
Q

Lateral wall of orbit

A

Zygomatic
Greater wing of the sphenoid
Frontal

40
Q

Inferior rectus innervation

41
Q

medial rectus innervation

42
Q

Lateral rectus Innervation

43
Q

Superior oblique innervation

A

Trochlear nerve IV

44
Q

Inferior oblique innervation

45
Q

The inability of the lens to change shape due to changes associated with old age is referred to as:

A

Presbyopia

46
Q

Which of the following is a component of the optic disc or papilla?

A

central artery

47
Q

The ophthalmic artery is a branch of the

A

internal carotid artery

48
Q

The left optic tract contains:

A

Fibers from the temporal half of the left eye and nasal half of the right eye

49
Q

Identify the branch of the ophthalmic artery that pierces the optic nerve.

A

Central artery of the retina

50
Q

Infraorbital a. is a branch of

A

external carotid artery

51
Q

If your vision is 20/15, this means that you can

A

Better than normal! See objects at 20 feet that individuals with normal eyesight can see at 15 feet.
20-how far you see
15-how far your standing, what your expected to see
e.g. 20/200-nearsighted and legally blind- at 20 ft away you see what normal ppl see at 200 ft

52
Q

What muscle medially rotates (intorts), depresses and abducts the eyeball to facilitate downward and outward visual gaze orientation?

A

Superior oblique

53
Q

What artery supplies the sclera?

A

Long ciliary artery

54
Q

Common tendinous ring includes

A

CN 2, 3, 6
V1
Opthalmic artery

55
Q

Layer of eye that is directly deep to the sclera

56
Q

Optic canal includes

A

opthalmic artery

optic nerve

57
Q

Which skull foramina does the opthalmic artery traverse to enter the orbit?

A

optic canal

58
Q

The space between iris and ciliary body and the lends is the

A

posterior chamber

59
Q

Anterior cavity is divided by the

60
Q

Which one adducts, depresses and laterally rotates?

A

Inferior rectus

61
Q

Strombismus toward medial

A

Lateral rectus

62
Q

ptosis due to what muscle?

A

droopy eyelid due to Levator palpabrae superioris (resp. for opening eyelid)

63
Q

pathway of tears

A

Lacrimal gland–>puncta–>sup. and inf. lacrimal canaliculi–>lacrimal sac–>nasolacrimal duct

64
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsightedness

Image is focused anterior to retina

65
Q

Hyperopia

A

Farsightedness

Image is focused posterior to retina

66
Q

Astigmatism

A

Nonspherical eye

Parts of image focus at multiple points

67
Q

Presbyopia

A

Loss of elasticity in lens
Age-related, 40-50
“reading glasses”
Ex. of farsightedness aka hyperopia

68
Q

There is a ____ difference between the axis of the orbit versus the axis of the eye.

A

23 degrees

69
Q

Function of superior rectus

A

Elevation, adduction, medial rotation of eyeball

70
Q

Inferior rectus function

A

Depression, adduction, lateral rotation of eye

71
Q

Medial rectus function

A

adduction of eyeball

72
Q

Lateral rectus function

A

Abduction of eyeball

73
Q

Superior oblique function

A

Depression, abduction, medial rotation of eyeball

74
Q

Inferior oblique function

A

Elevation, abduction, lateral rotation of eyeball

75
Q

Damage to abducens nerve would result in inability to perform what action?

A

rotate eye laterally

76
Q

Obliquus superior muscle is innervated by

77
Q

Contents of SOF

A

CN 3,4, 6, V1, superior opthalmic vein, sympathetic fibers from cavernous plexus.

78
Q

Superior tarsal (Muller’s) muscle

A

Elevates eyelid
Smooth muscle
Sympathetic control, T1, via superior cervical ganglion
ptosis

79
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

closes eyelid

CN VII

80
Q

Levator palpabrae superioris

A

Opens upper eyelid

CN III

81
Q

Aqueous humor made by ___ drains into ___.

A

Ciliary body; superior opthalmic vein

Head & Neck 2-My Flashcards (12 decks)

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