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Derm and EENT > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Pt is old* presents with eye lid away from eyeball (OD). Eye has a burning sensation, feels that there is something inside (FB), tearing, and irritated.

A

Ectropion
*Age related, bell palsy, space occupying lesion on the lower lid, infection (HSV).
Tx: tape lid, artificial tears, surgery - depending on the severity

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2
Q

Pt presents with eye lid towards the eye (OS) after baby hit his eye. Eye feels there is something in his eye, dry, and irritated. There are signs of keratisis.

A

Entropion.
Infection (HSV), space occupying lesion on the lower lid.
Tx: tape lid, artificial tears, surgery -depending on the severity.

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3
Q

Types of blepharitis

Chronic blepharitis Tx

A

1) anterior
2) Meibomian gland dysfunction (posterior)
3) Infectious demodex
4) Seborrheic
5) Acne Rosacea
chronic: staph –> topical bacitracin/erythromycin

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4
Q

Pt presents with inflammation on the eyelid w/ affected lashes

A

Anterior blepharitis

Tx: general hygiene - warm compress, lid scrub, mild shampoo

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5
Q

Pt presents with burning, irritation, tearing, and feeling that there is FB in the eye.
Upon examination, there a sign of hordeolum.

A

Meibomian gland dysfunction
dec or incr of secretion with pore occlusion –> prone to hordeolum/chazlion
Tx: general hygiene - warm compress, lid scrub, mild shampoo

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6
Q

Pt presents with burning, irritation, tearing, and feeling that there is a FB in the eye.
Upon examination, there are small mites hanging on the eyelashes.

A

Infectious (demodex) blepharitis

Tx: general hygiene - warm compress, lid scrub, mild shampoo and tea tree oil

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7
Q

Pt presents with burning and irritation only on the lid of the eye.
Upon examination, there are scrufs on the lashes.

A

Seborrheic blepharitis.

Tx: general hygiene - warm compress, lid scrub/mild shampoo.

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8
Q

Pt presents with redness in eye and face. There is keratisis on the eyelid.

A

Acne Rosacea
Idiopathic
Tx: Metronidazole and doxycycline, avoid spicy food and alcohol

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9
Q

Pt presents with painful abscess on eyelid.
Upon examination, pain increases upon palpation.
Prognosis:

A

Hordeolum
Tx: warm compress (w/ blepharitis: abx)
Problematic lesions: TMP-SMX (prophylactic abx)
Prognosis: Preseptal Cellulitis - infxn on ant eye lid
orbital cellulitis: hospitalization and IV abx

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10
Q

Pt presents a stye on eyelid and it doesn’t seem to go away. Stye is not tender.

A

Chalazion.

Tx: warm compress and I&D - if doesn’t get better in 3-4 wks needs surgery

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11
Q

Pt presents with pink eye complaining of burning sensation.

Upon examination, eyes are watery with edamtous lids.

A

Acute viral conjunctivitis.

Tx: supportive, artifical tears (4-8x daily), cool compress

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12
Q

Pt presents with itchy eye (OD) and complains of a FB sensation, irritated and watery discharge.
Upon examination, eyes are red w/ purulent discharge.

A

Bacterial conjunctivitis
d/t s. aureus, s. epidermidies, s. pneumonia, h. influenzae
Tx: fluroquinolone ointment, trimethroprimpolymyxin B drops

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13
Q

Pt presents with itchy, watery.

Upon examination both conjuctivitas are swollen w/puffy eyes and runny nose.

A

Allergic conjunctivitis

Tx: olopatadine (no steroids for eyes)

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14
Q

Pt presents with creamy, chalk appearance on conjunctiva.*
Pt lives in Hawaii.
Upon examination, lesion is flat/slightly elevated.

A

Pinguecula.
d/t to UV exposure and age
adjacent to limbus but does NOT affect cornea
Tx: prophylatic: avoid UV exposure
topical steroids can be used for mod to severe inflammation.

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15
Q

Pt presents with conjuctival tissue on cornea. Pt complains of visual loss and irritation and dry eye symptoms. Pt lives in Hawaii.
Upon examination, there is a mass on the cornea.

A

Pterygium
d/t UV exposure
Tx: prophylactic: avoid UV exposure
Topical steroids when inflamed; surgery

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16
Q

Pt has high blood pressure.

Upon examination:

A

Hypertensive retinopathy.
d/t high BP and necrosis of the smooth m.
Upon examination: cotton wool spots, punctuate hemorrhage, 4 diff stages
Tx: dec BP and opthalmo referral

17
Q

Pt has diabetes. Pt has no symptoms of visual loss.

Upon examination:

A 
Diabetic retinopathy.
Nonproliferative: hemorrhages 
Proliferative: neurovascularization
exudates, vascular occulsion
Tx: control diabetes and opthalmo referral
18
Q

Pt is recovering from CHF w/high BP. She is overweight and a chain smoker. She is complaining of vision loss.
Upon examination:

A

Age Related Macular Degeneration.
Dry: pigment changes, drusen (yellow pigments), gradual
Wet: acute, severe, curtain closing - neurovascularization
Tx: stop smoking, lose weight, dec BP, opthalmo referral

19
Q

Pt is old and complains of seeing “glares” when she is driving and loss of visual acuity.
Upon examination, there is opacity in the eye ball and altered red reflex.

A

Cataract.
Idiopathic - underlying systemic dx (diabetes, HTN)
Tx: surgery to replace crystalline lens with artificial.

20
Q

Pt presents with loss of peripheral vision.

Upon examination, there are changes to the optic disc ratio.

A

Open Angle Glaucoma
d/t the increase interocular pressure cx damage to the optic nerve (drain is fine)
Tx: opthalmo referral

21
Q

Pt presents with N&V, loss of vision, headaches, and halos around lights.

A

Closed Angle Glaucoma

22
Q

Pt is a child and tends to squint in one eye in bright eye. Parents noticed limited eye movement and moves head.
Upon examination, the eye is misaligned.

A

Strabismus
d/t paralysis of ocular m.
Tx: eye patch, corrective lens, surgery if needed, opthalmo referral

23
Q

Pt presents with swelling and redness on upper lid.

Upon examination, there is inflammation of the lacrimal gland.

A

Dacryoadenitis
d/t dacryocystocele becoming infected.
Acute: + watery and discharge.
d/t staph, Epstein barr virus, HSV, N. gonorrheae
Chronic: globe displacement and enlarged lacrimal gland.
Tx: bacterial - agumentin; viral; acyclovir

24
Q

Pt presents pain, tender, swelling of the eye. At birth it was a bluish mass.

A

Dacryocystitis
inflammation of the duct
d/t dacryocystocele becoming infected.
Tx: Clindamycoin, vancomyocin

25
Q

Pt complains of color and visual acuity loss.
Upon examination, the optic nerve is fine.
Tests:

A

Optic Neuritis
Tests: MRI - may be related to MS (25% in normal brain MRI, 75% in MS lesion like MRI)
Tx: Methroprednisolen IV

26
Q

Pt was hit in the eye with a ball and complains of visual loss, pain, photophobia, and N&V.
Upon examination, there is blood in the anterior chamber of the eye.

A

Hyphema

Tx: lower BP, bed rest at 30 deg, eye shield, pain control, topical steroids, tx N&V

Derm and EENT (4 decks)

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