Eye Flashcards
Glaucoma
Go to hosp immediately > seen by specialist
Timolol eye drops, Acetazolamide IV
General advice
Stop amitryptiline/Antidepressant
Avoid dark lights/sunglasses
Stop driving + inform DVLA
ARMD
Urgent referral (one week)
Two types
Wet - Laser or injecting medication
Dry - magnifying glasses + bright light
General advice
Stop driving + inform DVLA
Subconjuctival Hemorrhage
Self limiting
Artificial tears to reduce irritation
Avoid NSAIDs/Aspirin
Safety net for glaucoma
Cataract
Routine referral to ophthalmologist
Offer cataract surgery > replace affected lens with artificial lens
Risks and benefits
General advice
Inform DVLA
if not seen in a week > go yourself
Optic Neuritis
Go to hosp immediately > seen by neuro
Advanced tests like MRI, LP,NCS
Steroids to reduce inflammation
GCA
admit under rheum > temporal artery biopsy
Routine tests
High dose prednisolone for 2-3 years
Ocular toxoplasmosis
Refer to infectious disease specialist > MRI, blood serology
Treatment not needed but if severe > pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine for 4-6 weeks
Advice to wash hands before handling food, wear gloves when handling cat feces
Safety netting
Retinal detachment (unable to see from nasal side) + Hx of cataract surgery + flashes and floaters
Immediate refer to ophth
Scleral buckling/Laser treatment
Safety net for driving
Herpes Simplex Eye infection
Hx of cold sores
Gets better in 1-2 weeks
immediately refer to eye specialist
Treatment to prevent complications
Antiviral eye drops - 4 to 5 times a day for upto 2 weeks
Steroid eye drops
Important to complete course
Involve senior
Papilloedema
Cause is likely COCP > stop taking and use other methods of contraceptions
Refer to ophthalmology for further tests like CT, LP
Advise to weight loss and offer pain killer
Relaxation therapies
Episcleritis
Related to autoimmune disease
Self limiting
1-2 weeks to be cured
Eye drops and NSAIDs
Refer to RA specialist for review
Safety netting
Allergic conjunctivitis (BL itchy eyes)
Antihistamine
Advice: avoid allergens
Wash hair before bed
Avoid rubbing your eyes
Apply compresses
Artificial tears
Bacterial Keratitis (BL eye pain)
Refer to ophth immediately
Take contact lens with you to send to lab
Take swab then start on ABx
Stop using contact lens until treated
Arcus Senilis (white rings in eyes)
Common in older people due to aging
Can be because of high cholesterol
Does not need treatment, not harmful
Advice to eat healthy balanced diet
Leaflet
Pituitary Adenoma
Ask about headache
Milky discharge from breast
Vomiting, Headache
Family hx
Prolactin levels
MRI
Depending on size
Small > med
Large > Surgery + radiotherapy
Refer to neuro and endo
