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Special sense Pathology > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

بسم الله
Congenital lesion
Lid
Capillary hemagnioma

A

In lid
Multiple vascular spaces lined with endothelium + filled with blood

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2
Q

Mention some congenital lesion of eye

A

Congeintal Catarct
Congenital gluacoma

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2
Q

Retrolental fibroplasia

A

Retionpathy of prematurity
Retinal BVs which is premature?!
senstive to high O2 tension

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3
Q

describe what happens in retrolental fibroplasia

A

Premature infant receives High O2 Tension
So retinal blood vessels lacks Growth factors and VEGF ( can avoid by supplements ) and there is retinal ischemia
after reomving o2 tension , the Growth factors increase as VEGF CAUSING
Neovascularization + Fibrosis and Granulation tissue = Retinal detachment

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4
Q

Retinists pigmentosa:-
Mutation in …..gene ?
Mode of inheritience ?
Clincal presntation ? ………….
______
histo:
Loss of …. and….. layer
2ry proliferation of which layer ?
causing scattered ……. of fundus
Ingrowth of ….. on the optic disc

A

Rhodopsin
AD-AR -X linked
Night blindness
___________________
Rods and cones
Retinal pigmented epithelium
Pigmentation
Glial tissue

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5
Q

bone spiclus is /?

A

Pigmentation of fundus in Retinins pigmentosa

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6
Q

Albinism is

A

فقدان الصبغة في الجلد والشعر والعين مرتبط بمشاكل في الإبصار

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7
Q

Acute suppurative inflammation of Zeis and Moll glands or Meibomina glands
or Eyelash follicles called ?

A

STYE (Hordeolum )

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8
Q

Acute suppurative inflammation of Zeis and Moll glands or Meibomina glands
or Eyelash follicles called ?

A

STYE (Hordeolum ) intenral and external
extenral in Meibomian glands

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9
Q

Chalazion

A

Chronic inflammation of Meibomian glands
causing obstuction of the duct and may cause destruction Of
Duct
gland
Tarsal plate

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10
Q

Lipogranuloma occurs in

A

Chalazion

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11
Q

Describe histologic feature of Chalaztion

A

Chronic inflammatory granulome
Type : Lipogranuloma

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12
Q

Acute suppurative intraocular inflammation

A

ENDOPTHALMITIS

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13
Q

Causes of Endopthalmitis ?

A

Exogenous :
Trauma - Surgical
Endogenous:
Opportunisitc infection - via blood stream to eye

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14
Q

Mention causes of Conjunctivetis and KeratoConjictivits

A

Allergey
Bacterial
Viral
Chalamydia
Dry eye Conjunctivits Sica

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15
Q

Mention stage of Keratoconjunctivits

A

Acute :
Edema + Inflammatory cell infiltration = Opacity
Chronic :
(pannus) stage
Neo BVs + granulation tissue + inflammatory cells lymphocytes + plasma cells= Pannus formation

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16
Q

Trachoma and inclusion conjunctivits caused BY Chlamydia
Trachoma C…..? iNCULSION conjunctivirs C…..?
iNclusion conjunctivits causes …….Kertatoconjunctivits

A

Trachoma= C.Trachomatis
Inclusion Conjunctivits -=C.Occulogentials
__________________
Mild KeratoConjunctivits

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17
Q

In early Inclusion conjunctivits smear show …………………. formed by……………….?
Later , conjunctiva and cornea thickens due to…………….+…………………….+>…………
end result = …………………….+………………………..+inturned eyelash causeing cornral abraison.= ………………..

A

IntraCytoplasmic Inclusion bodies
Microorgnisms proliferating inside cells
________________________________
Inflammatory infiltrate + lymphoid follicles + MQs
___________________________________
KeratoConjunctival Scarring + eyelid distotrion + inturned eyelash causeing cornral abraison = Blindness

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18
Q

In early Inclusion conjunctivits smear show …………………. formed by……………….?
Later , conjunctiva and cornea thickens due to…………….+…………………….+>…………
end result = …………………….+………………………..+inturned eyelash causeing cornral abraison.= ………………..

A

IntraCytoplasmic Inclusion bodies
Microorgnisms proliferating inside cells
________________________________
Inflammatory infiltrate + lymphoid follicles + MQs
___________________________________
KeratoConjunctival Scarring + eyelid distotrion + inturned eyelash causeing cornral abraison fibrosis = Blindness

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19
Q

Granulomatous Uevitis is common in ….?

A

Sarcoidosis

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20
Q

Mention causes of granulomatous uevitis

A

Bacterila lst
Leprosy syphlis - Tuberclosis
Viral : CH CMV -Hepres zoster
Fungis : aseprgillius
Parasites - toxo + onchocerca

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21
Q

when lens are injuried in sympathactic uevitits (opthalmia )
it is called

A

Phacoanapylactic Endopthalmitis

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22
Q

Mention cause of Sympathatic Uevitis or Opthlamia

A

penetrating injury to eye
causing Autosensitbity reaction to eye antigen in uveal tract causing ?>
Bilateral diffuse granulomatous uveitis

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23
Q

Bilateral diffuse granulomatous uevitis occurs in ?

A

Sympathtatic Uevitis or Sympathitc OPthamia

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24
Q

Describe sympathatic uevitis histologically

A

Granuolma of
Epithloid + giant cells + inflammatory cells
No necoris ,neutrophils or Plamsa cells

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25
Q

Describe Orbital cellulitis

A

Infection of Soft tissue + Fat ot Orbit
due to : direct extension from untreated bacterial sinus + Dental infections
Incidental + surgical Trauma
Hematogenous spread

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26
Q

Describe symptoms of Orbital cellulitis

A

Redness and Edema around eye and nose
Proptosis - Painful eye + Imparied movemnt + Vision

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27
Q

Describe non proliferative Retinopathy

A

bdc wcd
1-Increased BM thickeness
2-Degenration of Pericytes + Endothelium
3-Capillary Microaneyrisms develop thrombi
-Waxy exudate due to hyperlipidemia
4-Dot and Blot Hge
5-Cotton wool spots
6-Central Scotomas

28
Q

Waxy exudate +
Cotton wool spots +
Dot and blot Hge
appears in ?

A

Non Proliverative Retinopathy

29
Q

Cotton wool spots in non proliferavtive retinopathy due to ?

A

Microinfaction in nerve fiber layer in retina

30
Q

in Which type of diabetic Retinopathy reintal detachment occurs ? why?

A

In Proliferative one
______________
Due to hypoxia of Retina due to DM
Then VEGFs released causing NeoVascularization which is weak causing Viterous Hge and Glial tissue formation by astrocytes causing ? Retinal detachment

31
Q

Diabetes may cause adhesions called ?

A

Diabetic Iridopathy may be
anterior synchiae : between Iris and corena
Posterior Synchiae : between iris and lens causing catarct ?

31
Q

Diabetes may cause adhesions called ?

A

Diabetic Iridopathy may be
anterior synchiae : between Iris and corena
Posterior Synchiae : between iris and lens causing catarct ?

32
Q

Hypertension retinopathy =

A

Retinal ischemia due narrowing of lumen of arterioles in retina:
Acute HTN : Malignant HTN- HTN of malignancy cause vascular spasm + ischemia
________________________
Chronic HTN : Onion skin thickening of the arteriolar walls and narrowing of lumina

33
Q

Mention features of HTN retinopathy

A

SP SNM CHF
1-AretriloSclerosis + Microaneyrisms + ArterioVenous Nicking
2-Star Macula +Papilledema
3-Cotton wool spots as non proliferative retionpathy
4-Flame shaped Hge
5-Hard exudate of Lipids

34
Q

HTN retinopathy classified from grad ,,,, to ,,,,,
Malignant HTN is cc by?
…….+…….. of retinal arterioles

A

GRADE 1-4
Necrotising arteriolitis + Fibrinoid Necrosis

35
Q

Senile macular degneration

A

A-Early stage :
1-Bruch membrane increased thickness
2-photoreceptor layer atropy + degenration

B-Late:-
Neovascularization in Choroid
Exudate + Hge
Fibrous tissue
Loss of central vision

36
Q

Pengicula is ?

A

Pengicula is ? degeneration of the Collagen in bulbar conjunctiva with yellowish lesions of the conjunctiva
Histologically: basophilic degeneration of Subepithelial collagen

37
Q

Pterygium differ from Pengicula in ?

A

It is formed at limbus involiving cornea so it is more clinically important

38
Q

Sepatation of Neurosensory retina from Retinal pigment Epithelium

A

Retinal detachment

39
Q

Pathogensis of Retinal detachment
1-
2-
3-

A

-Tear or break of retina cuaisng viterois leakage into humor and pushing retina forwards
-Traction by fibbrous tissue formation
-Exudate due to vasculitsi or HTN
Or due to tumor pushing retina

40
Q

PITHISIS BULBI Due to

A

Decreasd intraocular pressure causing eyeball shrinking
The causes are
Trauma
Gluacoma
IntraOcular inflammations

40
Q

End stage of advanced degenration of the entire eyeball

A

PITHISIS BULBI

41
Q

Histologic features of PHITIS BULBI

A

atrophy and degenration of all ocular strucutres
Subretinal Fibrosis
Scleral thickening

42
Q

Opacification of normally crystalline lens leads to gradual painful blurring

A

Catarct

43
Q

Mention causes of catarct

A

SCT MD
Senile degradation of lens protein
Congeital down + Rubella + galactosaemia
Traumatic penetrating or electrical
Metabolic DM or hypoparathyoidism
Drugs steroids alcholo smoking

44
Q

catarct =….+,…..+…..

A

Degenration + fragmentaiton + liqufication of lens proteins

45
Q

Congenital glaucoma due to ?

A

Failure of development of Trabeular meshwork + Canal of Schlemme

46
Q

Pathogensiis of gluacoma

A

Impairment of Outflow due to ?
Closed angle
Abnormal Meshwork +canal
Failute of development of Meshwork +Canal

47
Q

Classify open angle gluacoma

A

Due to abnormal drainge on Trabecular meshwrork and canal of schlemme :-
1-Primary called Chronic simple glaucoma due to Degenration of Connective tissue of Trabeclar meshwork + canal of schlemme
2-Sencodary due to inflammation and Trauma may obstruct the drainage

48
Q

Classify closed angle gluacoma

A

1ry :
due to shallow ant chamber causing narrow angle called acute congestive gluacoma
2ry: due to fibrovascular adhesions between iris and corena

49
Q

edema of optic disc due to increased Intracrnaial pressure ?

A

Papilledema

50
Q

edema of optic disc due to increased Intracrnaial pressure ?

A

Papilledema
due to anatomic contuinuation of subarachnoid space around the optic nerve

50
Q

edema of optic disc due to increased Intracrnaial pressure ?

A

Papilledema

51
Q

In acute papilledema there is …..+,,,,,,+,,,,, of optic disc
In chronic ,,,,,, of nerve fibers replaced by…….. causing …………..?

A

Edema + Congestion + Hemorrhage
Degeneration - gliosis causing Optic atrophy

52
Q

Mention Triad of Sjogren syndrome

A

1-Keratoconjunctivits Sica
2-Xerstomia
3-Rumatoid arhtirits
due to autoimmuninty against lacrimal + salivary glands due to RA

53
Q

Inflammatory pseudo tumor

A

It is inflammations look like tumors with no evidence of neoplasms but
Grossly; Capsulated Circumscribed
Microscopic special morpho as TB syphilis
myctoic parastic foregin body granuloma
non specific infl : inflammation abundant fibrous tissue - Hyperpalstic lymphoid follicles

54
Q

Most frequent tumor of eyelid after Basal cell carcinoma

A

Sbeacous Cacnioma common in upper lid meanwhile BCC in lower lid

55
Q

carcinoma ariases from Meibomian glands and Zeis glands

A

SBEACOUS carcinoma

56
Q

Describe sbeascous carcinoma

A

-gross : loaclized of diffuse swelling ulcerated or papillmatous tumor on eyelid
-Microscopically : Well differentiated : lobules of tumor cells + sbeacous differentiation
Poorlu differentted : requires fat stains as sudan black and sudan 3
It can metastasize to regional lymph nodes or distant site

57
Q

Uveal malignant melanoma arises from ?

A

nerual crest derived pigment epithelium of Uvea

58
Q

Uveal magliangt melanoma gross

A

appear as pigmented mass on posterio choroid commonly
may in ciliary body or iris
the mass projects into viterous cavity with retina covering it

59
Q

Histological uveal maligantn melanoma

A

Epithloid pattern
SPindle pattern
slow growin + late metastis
spread via blood and liver

60
Q

most common malignant ocular tumor in children ?

A

Retinoblastoma
AD- retinoblastoma susptibilty gene on chromsome 13

61
Q

Leukocoria appears in

A

Whilte pupillary reflex in
Retinoblastoma

62
Q

Grossly describe Retinblastoma

A

White mass with foci of necrosis + calcification
May be exophytic or endophytic

63
Q

Types of rossetes in RB ?

A

Flexner wintersteienr rosette :
cells around central lumen
Homer Wright rosette :
cells around neurofibrillar structure

64
Q

Metastic tumors
more common
choroid iris most common
Breast cancer most common
Leukemia and maliganat lymphoma also common @@

A
65
Q

الحمدلله رب العالمين

A

Special sense Pathology (2 decks)

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