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Special sense Pathology > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

بسم الله
Congenital lesion
Lid
Capillary hemagnioma

A

In lid
Multiple vascular spaces lined with endothelium + filled with blood

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2
Q

Mention some congenital lesion of eye

A

Congeintal Catarct
Congenital gluacoma

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2
Q

Retrolental fibroplasia

A

Retionpathy of prematurity
Retinal BVs which is premature?!
senstive to high O2 tension

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3
Q

describe what happens in retrolental fibroplasia

A

Premature infant receives High O2 Tension
So retinal blood vessels lacks Growth factors and VEGF ( can avoid by supplements ) and there is retinal ischemia
after reomving o2 tension , the Growth factors increase as VEGF CAUSING
Neovascularization + Fibrosis and Granulation tissue = Retinal detachment

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4
Q

Retinists pigmentosa:-
Mutation in …..gene ?
Mode of inheritience ?
Clincal presntation ? ………….
______
histo:
Loss of …. and….. layer
2ry proliferation of which layer ?
causing scattered ……. of fundus
Ingrowth of ….. on the optic disc

A

Rhodopsin
AD-AR -X linked
Night blindness
___________________
Rods and cones
Retinal pigmented epithelium
Pigmentation
Glial tissue

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5
Q

bone spiclus is /?

A

Pigmentation of fundus in Retinins pigmentosa

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6
Q

Albinism is

A

فقدان الصبغة في الجلد والشعر والعين مرتبط بمشاكل في الإبصار

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7
Q

Acute suppurative inflammation of Zeis and Moll glands or Meibomina glands
or Eyelash follicles called ?

A

STYE (Hordeolum )

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8
Q

Acute suppurative inflammation of Zeis and Moll glands or Meibomina glands
or Eyelash follicles called ?

A

STYE (Hordeolum ) intenral and external
extenral in Meibomian glands

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9
Q

Chalazion

A

Chronic inflammation of Meibomian glands
causing obstuction of the duct and may cause destruction Of
Duct
gland
Tarsal plate

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10
Q

Lipogranuloma occurs in

A

Chalazion

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11
Q

Describe histologic feature of Chalaztion

A

Chronic inflammatory granulome
Type : Lipogranuloma

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12
Q

Acute suppurative intraocular inflammation

A

ENDOPTHALMITIS

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13
Q

Causes of Endopthalmitis ?

A

Exogenous :
Trauma - Surgical
Endogenous:
Opportunisitc infection - via blood stream to eye

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14
Q

Mention causes of Conjunctivetis and KeratoConjictivits

A

Allergey
Bacterial
Viral
Chalamydia
Dry eye Conjunctivits Sica

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15
Q

Mention stage of Keratoconjunctivits

A

Acute :
Edema + Inflammatory cell infiltration = Opacity
Chronic :
(pannus) stage
Neo BVs + granulation tissue + inflammatory cells lymphocytes + plasma cells= Pannus formation

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16
Q

Trachoma and inclusion conjunctivits caused BY Chlamydia
Trachoma C…..? iNCULSION conjunctivirs C…..?
iNclusion conjunctivits causes …….Kertatoconjunctivits

A

Trachoma= C.Trachomatis
Inclusion Conjunctivits -=C.Occulogentials
__________________
Mild KeratoConjunctivits

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17
Q

In early Inclusion conjunctivits smear show …………………. formed by……………….?
Later , conjunctiva and cornea thickens due to…………….+…………………….+>…………
end result = …………………….+………………………..+inturned eyelash causeing cornral abraison.= ………………..

A

IntraCytoplasmic Inclusion bodies
Microorgnisms proliferating inside cells
________________________________
Inflammatory infiltrate + lymphoid follicles + MQs
___________________________________
KeratoConjunctival Scarring + eyelid distotrion + inturned eyelash causeing cornral abraison = Blindness

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18
Q

In early Inclusion conjunctivits smear show …………………. formed by……………….?
Later , conjunctiva and cornea thickens due to…………….+…………………….+>…………
end result = …………………….+………………………..+inturned eyelash causeing cornral abraison.= ………………..

A

IntraCytoplasmic Inclusion bodies
Microorgnisms proliferating inside cells
________________________________
Inflammatory infiltrate + lymphoid follicles + MQs
___________________________________
KeratoConjunctival Scarring + eyelid distotrion + inturned eyelash causeing cornral abraison fibrosis = Blindness

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19
Q

Granulomatous Uevitis is common in ….?

A

Sarcoidosis

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20
Q

Mention causes of granulomatous uevitis

A

Bacterila lst
Leprosy syphlis - Tuberclosis
Viral : CH CMV -Hepres zoster
Fungis : aseprgillius
Parasites - toxo + onchocerca

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21
Q

when lens are injuried in sympathactic uevitits (opthalmia )
it is called

A

Phacoanapylactic Endopthalmitis

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22
Q

Mention cause of Sympathatic Uevitis or Opthlamia

A

penetrating injury to eye
causing Autosensitbity reaction to eye antigen in uveal tract causing ?>
Bilateral diffuse granulomatous uveitis

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23
Q

Bilateral diffuse granulomatous uevitis occurs in ?

A

Sympathtatic Uevitis or Sympathitc OPthamia

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24
Describe sympathatic uevitis histologically
Granuolma of Epithloid + giant cells + inflammatory cells No necoris ,neutrophils or Plamsa cells
25
Describe Orbital cellulitis
Infection of Soft tissue + Fat ot Orbit due to : direct extension from untreated bacterial sinus + Dental infections Incidental + surgical Trauma Hematogenous spread
26
Describe symptoms of Orbital cellulitis
Redness and Edema around eye and nose Proptosis - Painful eye + Imparied movemnt + Vision
27
Describe non proliferative Retinopathy
bdc wcd 1-Increased BM thickeness 2-Degenration of Pericytes + Endothelium 3-Capillary Microaneyrisms develop thrombi -Waxy exudate due to hyperlipidemia 4-Dot and Blot Hge 5-Cotton wool spots 6-Central Scotomas
28
Waxy exudate + Cotton wool spots + Dot and blot Hge appears in ?
Non Proliverative Retinopathy
29
Cotton wool spots in non proliferavtive retinopathy due to ?
Microinfaction in nerve fiber layer in retina
30
in Which type of diabetic Retinopathy reintal detachment occurs ? why?
In Proliferative one ______________ Due to hypoxia of Retina due to DM Then VEGFs released causing NeoVascularization which is weak causing Viterous Hge and Glial tissue formation by astrocytes causing ? Retinal detachment
31
Diabetes may cause adhesions called ?
Diabetic Iridopathy may be anterior synchiae : between Iris and corena Posterior Synchiae : between iris and lens causing catarct ?
31
Diabetes may cause adhesions called ?
Diabetic Iridopathy may be anterior synchiae : between Iris and corena Posterior Synchiae : between iris and lens causing catarct ?
32
Hypertension retinopathy =
Retinal ischemia due narrowing of lumen of arterioles in retina: Acute HTN : Malignant HTN- HTN of malignancy cause vascular spasm + ischemia ________________________ Chronic HTN : Onion skin thickening of the arteriolar walls and narrowing of lumina
33
Mention features of HTN retinopathy
SP SNM CHF 1-AretriloSclerosis + Microaneyrisms + ArterioVenous Nicking 2-Star Macula +Papilledema 3-Cotton wool spots as non proliferative retionpathy 4-Flame shaped Hge 5-Hard exudate of Lipids
34
HTN retinopathy classified from grad ,,,, to ,,,,, Malignant HTN is cc by? .......+........ of retinal arterioles
GRADE 1-4 Necrotising arteriolitis + Fibrinoid Necrosis
35
Senile macular degneration
A-Early stage : 1-Bruch membrane increased thickness 2-photoreceptor layer atropy + degenration B-Late:- Neovascularization in Choroid Exudate + Hge Fibrous tissue Loss of central vision
36
Pengicula is ?
Pengicula is ? degeneration of the Collagen in bulbar conjunctiva with yellowish lesions of the conjunctiva Histologically: basophilic degeneration of Subepithelial collagen
37
Pterygium differ from Pengicula in ?
It is formed at limbus involiving cornea so it is more clinically important
38
Sepatation of Neurosensory retina from Retinal pigment Epithelium
Retinal detachment
39
Pathogensis of Retinal detachment 1- 2- 3-
-Tear or break of retina cuaisng viterois leakage into humor and pushing retina forwards -Traction by fibbrous tissue formation -Exudate due to vasculitsi or HTN Or due to tumor pushing retina
40
PITHISIS BULBI Due to
Decreasd intraocular pressure causing eyeball shrinking The causes are Trauma Gluacoma IntraOcular inflammations
40
End stage of advanced degenration of the entire eyeball
PITHISIS BULBI
41
Histologic features of PHITIS BULBI
atrophy and degenration of all ocular strucutres Subretinal Fibrosis Scleral thickening
42
Opacification of normally crystalline lens leads to gradual painful blurring
Catarct
43
Mention causes of catarct
SCT MD Senile degradation of lens protein Congeital down + Rubella + galactosaemia Traumatic penetrating or electrical Metabolic DM or hypoparathyoidism Drugs steroids alcholo smoking
44
catarct =....+,.....+.....
Degenration + fragmentaiton + liqufication of lens proteins
45
Congenital glaucoma due to ?
Failure of development of Trabeular meshwork + Canal of Schlemme
46
Pathogensiis of gluacoma
Impairment of Outflow due to ? Closed angle Abnormal Meshwork +canal Failute of development of Meshwork +Canal
47
Classify open angle gluacoma
Due to abnormal drainge on Trabecular meshwrork and canal of schlemme :- 1-Primary called Chronic simple glaucoma due to Degenration of Connective tissue of Trabeclar meshwork + canal of schlemme 2-Sencodary due to inflammation and Trauma may obstruct the drainage
48
Classify closed angle gluacoma
1ry : due to shallow ant chamber causing narrow angle called acute congestive gluacoma 2ry: due to fibrovascular adhesions between iris and corena
49
edema of optic disc due to increased Intracrnaial pressure ?
Papilledema
50
edema of optic disc due to increased Intracrnaial pressure ?
Papilledema due to anatomic contuinuation of subarachnoid space around the optic nerve
50
edema of optic disc due to increased Intracrnaial pressure ?
Papilledema
51
In acute papilledema there is .....+,,,,,,+,,,,, of optic disc In chronic ,,,,,, of nerve fibers replaced by........ causing ..............?
Edema + Congestion + Hemorrhage Degeneration - gliosis causing Optic atrophy
52
Mention Triad of Sjogren syndrome
1-Keratoconjunctivits Sica 2-Xerstomia 3-Rumatoid arhtirits due to autoimmuninty against lacrimal + salivary glands due to RA
53
Inflammatory pseudo tumor
It is inflammations look like tumors with no evidence of neoplasms but Grossly; Capsulated Circumscribed Microscopic special morpho as TB syphilis myctoic parastic foregin body granuloma non specific infl : inflammation abundant fibrous tissue - Hyperpalstic lymphoid follicles
54
Most frequent tumor of eyelid after Basal cell carcinoma
Sbeacous Cacnioma common in upper lid meanwhile BCC in lower lid
55
carcinoma ariases from Meibomian glands and Zeis glands
SBEACOUS carcinoma
56
Describe sbeascous carcinoma
-gross : loaclized of diffuse swelling ulcerated or papillmatous tumor on eyelid -Microscopically : Well differentiated : lobules of tumor cells + sbeacous differentiation Poorlu differentted : requires fat stains as sudan black and sudan 3 It can metastasize to regional lymph nodes or distant site
57
Uveal malignant melanoma arises from ?
nerual crest derived pigment epithelium of Uvea
58
Uveal magliangt melanoma gross
appear as pigmented mass on posterio choroid commonly may in ciliary body or iris the mass projects into viterous cavity with retina covering it
59
Histological uveal maligantn melanoma
Epithloid pattern SPindle pattern slow growin + late metastis spread via blood and liver
60
most common malignant ocular tumor in children ?
Retinoblastoma AD- retinoblastoma susptibilty gene on chromsome 13
61
Leukocoria appears in
Whilte pupillary reflex in Retinoblastoma
62
Grossly describe Retinblastoma
White mass with foci of necrosis + calcification May be exophytic or endophytic
63
Types of rossetes in RB ?
Flexner wintersteienr rosette : cells around central lumen Homer Wright rosette : cells around neurofibrillar structure
64
Metastic tumors more common choroid iris most common Breast cancer most common Leukemia and maliganat lymphoma also common @@
65
الحمدلله رب العالمين

Special sense Pathology (2 decks)

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