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Macroanatomy > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the palpebrae (eyelids)

A

Protects the cornea
Spreads test film
Occludes light

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2
Q

What is the area at which upper and lower palpebrae meet

A

Medial and lateral commissures (canthus)

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3
Q

What are the conjunctiva

A

Mucus membrane (palpebral outer and bulbar inner)

Has goblet cells that produce protein part of tear film

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4
Q

What produces the lipid portion of tears

A

Tarsal glands

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5
Q

What is the lacrimal caruncle

A

A fleshy eminence in the medial canthus rostral to third eyelid

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6
Q

What is the third eyelid

A

A fold of tissue in the ventromedial area of the eye

Has a seromucus gland that secretes 30% of tear portion

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7
Q

What is the proper term for eyelashes

A

Cilia

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8
Q

What is the function of the lacrimal apparatus

A

Functions in the production, delivery and disposal of tear film

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9
Q

What are the four tear producing structures

A

Lacrimal gland (aqueous fluid)
Tarsal glands (lipids)
Conjunctiva goblet cells (mucus)
Superficial gland of third eyelid (seromucus)

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10
Q

How is tear film distributed

A

By blinking

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11
Q

What is the lacrimal lake

A

Between palepbral conjunctiva and the third eyelid
- a reservoir for tears to sit before they enter the nasolacrimal duct system

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12
Q

What are lacrimal puncta

A

Small openings to the lacrimal canaliculi

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13
Q

What are the lacrimal canaliculi

A

Small tubular pathways that connect at the lacrimal sac to the nasolacrimal duct -> tears leave here to the nasal cavity

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14
Q

What are the muscles of the eyelids

A

Orbicularis oculi
Levator palebrae superiosis
Retractor Anguli oculi lateralis

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15
Q

What is the function of the orbicularis oculi muscle

A

Closes the eyelids

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16
Q

What is the orbit of the skull

A

Area that houses the eye
- 75% bone
- 25% orbital ligament at the lateral edge

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17
Q

What are the fascial structures of the orbit

A

Periorbita
Muscular fascia
Bulbar sheath

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18
Q

What is the orbit ligament

A

Unites the zygomatic process of the frontal bone with the frontal process of zygomatic bone

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19
Q

How many extra ocular muscles are there

A

7

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20
Q

What is the function of the dorsal rectus muscle

A

Rotates the eye dorsally

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21
Q

What is the function of the ventral rectus muscle

A

Rotates the eye ventrally

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22
Q

What is the function of the medial rectus

A

Rotates the eye medially

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23
Q

What nerve innervates the rectus muscles

A

Oculomotor nerve (lateral is abducent nerve)

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24
Q

What is the function of the dorsal oblique muscle

A

Rotates the dorsal surface of the eye medially

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25
What is the function of the ventral oblique muscle
Rotates the dorsal surface of the eye laterally
26
What is the function of the retractor muscle
Pulls the eye backwards into orbit
27
What muscle surrounds the optic nerve
Retractor muscle
28
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
Dorsal oblique muscle
29
Abducent nerve (CNVI)
Lateral rectus and retractor bulbi (Abducts the eye)
30
What are the three concentric sheaths of tissue in the globe
Fibrous (superficial) Vascular Nervous (most deep)
31
What makes up the fibrous part of the globe and what is its function
Sclera Cornea Limbus Protection, control of light, refraction of light, conducts light rays to the retina
32
What makes up the vascular portion of the globe (uvea)
Choroid Ciliary body Iris
33
Where is the tapetum lucidum found
In the choroid
34
Where are zonular fibers found
Ciliary bodies
35
What is the junction of the sclera and cornea
The limbus
36
What is the white part of the eye
Sclera
37
What is the clear outer portion of the eye
Cornea
38
What is the choroid
A network of blood vessels at the posterior eye
39
What is the function of tapetum lucidum
Aids in low light
40
What are the ciliary bodies
Thickened choroid which has ciliary smooth muscles that contract to change the shape of the lens in focusing (alters tension) Zonular fibers attach the lens
41
What is the iris
Coloured portion of the eye (vascular)
42
What is the pupil
Opening to the iris (changes shape due to smooth muscles receiving innervation)
43
What has sympathetic innervation to the eye
CN V
44
What has parasympathetic innervation to the eye (CN III)
45
What is the function of sympathetic innervation to the eye
To dilate the pupil
46
What is the function of parasympathetic innervation to the eye
Constriction of the pupil
47
What makes up the nervous layer of the eye
Retina and optic disc
48
What is the retina
Contains rods and cones for sending information to the optic nerve
49
What are the chambers of the eye
Anterior and posterior
50
What is the anterior chamber of the eye
Located between the iris and cornea - aqueous humour
51
What is the posterior chamber of the eye
Located between iris and lens - aqueous humour
52
What is the vitreous chamber
Located between the lens and the retina / vitreous humour
53
What helps to maintain the shape of the eye
Vitreous humour
54
What is the anterior cavity
Anterior and posterior chambers
55
What is the posterior cavity
Vitreous chamber
56
What is the lens of the eye
Transparent biconcex structure - avascular - changes in shape for vision focusing
57
What is the site of cataract formation
The lens of the eye
58
What suspends the lens
Ciliary body fibers
59
What nerve is sensory for vision
Optic nerve
60
What nerve has somatic motor to dorsal, medial, ventral rectus and ventral oblique, levator palpebrae muscle
Oculomotor nerve
61
What nerve has visceral motor to parasympathetic fibers to constrict the pupil
Oculomotor nerve
62
What nerve is motor to the dorsal oblique muscle
Trochlear nerve
63
What nerve is motor to the lateral rectus and retractor bulbi
Abducent nerve
64
What nerve is motor to orbicularis oculi muscle and parasympathetic fibers for lacrimal gland secretion
Facial nerve
65
What nerve is sensory to the eyelid, conjunctiva and cornea
Trigeminal nerve
66
What is sympathetic to the dilator muscles of the iris
Sympathetic nerve fibers
67
What is miosis
Constriction
68
What is mydriasis
Dilation
69
What is the normal response to a pupillary light reflex test
Pupillary constriction
70
What cranial nerves are tested doing a palpebral reflex test
Trigeminal and facial
71
What nerves are tested doing a menace response test
Optic nerve Facial nerve
72
What nerves are tested doing a pupillary light reflex test
Optic nerve Oculomotor nerve
73
What nerves are tested in a vestibular - ocular reflex test
Oculomotor Trochlear Abducent Vestibulocochlear

Macroanatomy (7 decks)

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