Ear

Question 1

What are the divisions of the ear

Answer 1

External middle and inner

Question 2

What structures make up the external ear

Answer 2

Pinna and ear canal

Question 3

What are the functions of the ear

Answer 3

Hearing and balance

Question 4

What is the tympanic membrane

Answer 4

Eardrum

Covers the opening in the temporal bone of the skull

Thin semitransparent wall between ear canal and middle ear that vibrates from sound waves

Question 5

What is the function of the cutaneous marginal pouch on the external pinna of the ear

Answer 5

Helps to capture sound

Question 6

Where is the auricular cartilage

Answer 6

On the pinna

Question 7

Where is the annular cartilage

Answer 7

Ear canal

Question 8

What is the external acoustic meatus

Answer 8

Opening to the temporal bone

Question 9

What is the middle ear

Answer 9

Small air filled space lined with mucus membrane (tympanic cavity) with three regions

Question 10

What are the three regions of the middle ear

Answer 10

Epitympanic recess
Tympanic cavity proper
Tympanic bulla

Question 11

What is the epitympanic recess of the middle ear

Answer 11

Houses the auditory ossicles (small bones) that transmit and amplify sound from the tympanic membrane to the window causing vibrations in the fluid of the cochlea

Question 12

What are the three auditory ossicles

Answer 12

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

Question 13

What muscles attach the ossicles and provide tension on the tympanic membrane

Answer 13

Tensor tympanic and stapedius

Question 14

What is the tympanic cavity proper of the middle ear and what
is it’s function

Answer 14

Houses the auditory tube

equalize pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane

Question 15

What is the promontory

Answer 15

A rounded hallow eminence over the cochlea

Question 16

What is the tympanic bulla

Answer 16

portion of the middle ear that aids in perception of sound

Question 17

Where is the inner ear in relation to the skull

Answer 17

Housed in the hard petrous temporal bone

Question 18

What is the function of the inner ear

Answer 18

Mechanical energy is transformed into nerve impulses

Question 19

What makes up the inner ear

Answer 19

Membranous labyrinth enclosed by bony labyrinth

Question 20

What are the fluids of the inner ear

Answer 20

Perilymph and endolymph

Question 21

What is the membranous labyrinth

Answer 21

A series of ducts and chambers containing endolymph and surrounded by perilymph

Two sacs: utricle and saccule

Question 22

What is the function of the utricle and saccule sacs

Answer 22

Utricle aids in balance
saccule aids in hearing

Question 23

What is the bony labyrinth

Answer 23

Surrounds the membranous labyrinth

Consists of the vestibule (houses saccule and utricle), the cochlea and the semicircular canals

Question 24

What lines the bony labyrinth

Answer 24

Periosteum

Question 25

What are the two openings to the vestibule of the inner ear

Answer 25

Round window (cochlear) and oval window (vestibular)

Question 26

What are the two channels or ducts of the vestibule of the inner ear

Answer 26

Vestibular aqueduct and cochlear aqueduct

Question 27

What is housed by semicircular canals of the inner ear

Answer 27

Houses membranous ducts

Question 28

What is the cochlea

Answer 28

Snail like structure of the inner ear associated with hearing (bony outer coil and inner membrane cochlear duct)

Question 29

What nerve innervates the ear

Answer 29

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) - vestibular branch for balance - cochlear branch for hearing

Question 30

What innervates the tympanic membrane

Answer 30

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Question 31

What structures are involved with balance

Answer 31

Utricle saccule and semicircular ducts

Question 32

What structure are involved with hearing

Answer 32

Saccule and cochlear duct

Question 33

How are we able to hear and interpret sound

Answer 33

External ear collect mechanical sound and funnels it down auditory canal Tympanic membrane vibrates Transmitted to ossicles (20x amplified) Stapes touched vestibular window and transmits to inner ear Inner ear turns to nerve impulses Sound wave to perilymph enters cochlear duct and impose on the membrane Hair cells vibrate to make electrical impulses Nerve impulses travel to cochlear nerve to brain

Question 34

Why can problems with the ear cause other facial problems?

Answer 34

The facial nerve is in close proximity to the middle ear (ataxia, horners syndrome, paralysis)

Question 35

Where are the utricle and saccule found

Answer 35

Middle ear