exw first aid Flashcards by jeremy adams

Discuss Heat

Exhaustion

weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea, and loss of appetite

ashen gray, the skin cool,
moist, and clammy and the pupils may be dilated
Move the casualty to a cool or air-conditioned area.
Loosen the clothing, apply cool wet cloths to the head, maxilla, groin, and ankles, and fan the casualty

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Causes and treatment: Shock?

state of inadequate tissue perfusion resulting in a decreased amount of oxygen
to vital tissues and organs.
3 major types

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Describe Venous? Treatment?

Dark red; Steady even flow

- Treatment: Direct pressure applied directly to the wound

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How do you treat for shock?

Warm the body
Bend legs up toward chest to get blood circulating to heart
and vital organs

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What are the different
types to transport
victims?

Strokes stretcher
Blanket drag
Fireman Carry
Arm Carry
Pack-strap Carry

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TCCC - Care Under Fire?

Return fire/take cover
direct casualty to move to cover
airway management
stop life threatening bleeding

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Discuss TCCC category:

Minimal

relatively minor injuries and can effectively care for themselves

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2 types of fractures

simple/compound

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purpose of first aid

prevent death, further injury, minimize infection

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Symptoms and treatment of:

First Degree burn?

Symptoms: Epidermal layer, pain mild/severe, heals within a week
Treatment: Remove heat source, clean to prevent infect.

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What is Frost bite?

Frostbite is classified as superficial or deep,
Occurs 32 degrees or lower
Treatment: re-warm and Protect the tissue from additional injury and keep it as clean as possible (use
sterile dressings and linen

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Treatment for Eye injuries

Apply dry sterile dressings

cover both eyes

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What does SCAB stand for ?

Secure Scene
Circulation
Airway
Breathing

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What is Hypothermia?

General cooling of the whole body is caused by continued exposure
possible cpr
rewarm asap
use warm water and liquids

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How would you treat a chest

wound?

Open Chest wounds: Ensure an open airway
Seal the wound. Both entrance and exit with Asherman Chest Seal
Closed Chest wounds/Tension Pneumothorax:
Ensure an open airway
Decompress the affected side by: catheter into lung

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Symptoms and treatment of:

Electrical burns?

Symptoms: Entrance and exit wounds
Treatment: turn off power source, CPR; treating for shock; covering wounds with a dry dressing,
CASEVAC

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Symptoms and treatment of:

Second Degree Burn?

Symptoms: Epidermal blisters, recovery 2-3 weeks, most painful
Treatment: Remove heat source, clean to prevent infect, get to the hospital.

TCCC - Tactical Evacuation?

Same as Tactical Field Care
MEDEVAC
Moving the patient(s) to higher echelon of care.

Discuss the treatment of Shock

Maintain ABC’s.
Spinal Immobilization (if mechanism of injury causes a high suspicion of spinal
injury) .
Oxygen therapy to keep oxygen saturation >92% (if available).
Obtain IV access and give fluids, if necessary.
Trendelenburg position (head down, feet elevated).
Keep patient warm.
CASEVAC.

Treatment for Head wounds

Stabilization of the casualty’s head
Check the casualty’s vital signs. Ensure injured is AVUP
A–alert. V–verbal. P–pain. U–unresponsive.

Treatment for Facial Wounds

Clear the airway if compromised.
Control bleeding.
Treat for shock
Protect the wound.
Turn patient on side or lean over to keep airway clear

Discuss TCCC category:

Immediate

includes those that require lifesaving surgery

What is another name for the gas mask?

M50

What does HNS CASPER stand for?

Head
Neck
Shoulder
Chest
Abdominals
Spine
Pelvis
Extremities
Repeat

Discuss heat | stroke?

``` 20 percent mortality rate extremely high body temperature Breathing will be deep and rapid , later shallow almost absent very dry pupils will be constricted Maintain an open airway. Place the casualty on his back head slightly raised ``` are available, place them under the arms, around the neck, at the ankles, and in the groin. Expose the casualty to a fan or air conditioner, since drafts will promote cooling. Immersing the casualty in a cold water bath is also very effective. If the casualty is conscious, give cool water to drink. Do not give any hot drinks or stimulants

Discuss TCCC category: | Delayed

includes those wounded who are badly in need of time-consuming surgery

Discuss symptoms of shock and its | treatment?

- Symptoms: Clammy skin, weak rapid pulse, pale skin, and confusion - Treatment: move to cover, elevate legs above heart, loosen clothing, prevent chilling

Hypovolemic shock

loss of intravascular volume

What does M.I.S.T mean?

M - Mechanism of injury I- Injuries or Illness sustained S- Symptoms and Vital Signs T- Treatment Given

three types of bleeding.

Arterial Venous Capillary

Causes and treatment: Cardiac Arrest?

cause: complete stoppage of heart | - treatment: CPR or AED

Causes and treatment: Burns

maintain airway remove clothing protect burn area dress it

Cardiogenic shock

heart failing to pump blood adequately

Symptoms and treatment of: | Third Degree Burns?

- Symptoms: Burns to the bone, tissue/nerves destroyed, pain at burn site will be absent if nerve endings are damaged. - Treatment: Remove heat source, clean to prevent infect.

What are the different lines | in the MEDEVAC Nine Line?

1. Location of the pick-up site 2. Radio frequency, call sign, and suffix 3. Number of patients by precedence: A - Urgent B - Urgent Surgical C - Priority D - Routine E - Convenience 4. Special equipment required: A - None B - Hoist C - Extraction equipment D - Ventilator 5. Number of patients: A - Litter B - Ambulatory 6. Security at pick-up site 7. Method of marking pick-up site 8. Patient nationality and status A - US Military B - US Civilian C - Non-US Military D - Non-US Civilian E - EPW 9. NBC Contamination/ Terrain description

TCCC Triage Categories?

- Immediate - Delayed - Minimal - Expectant (verge of death)

Symptoms and treatment of: | Chemical Burns?

- Symptoms: Chemical or another material causing heat exposure - Treatment: Flush w/ water, remove clothing, baking soda (if acids), go to hospital

Causes and treatment: | Asphyxiation?

cause: airway obstruction, deficient supply of oxygen to the body - treatment: clear airway

Whats the rules of nine?

- Used to give a rough estimate on the total surface area burned A first-degree burn over 50 percent of the body surface area (BSA) may be more serious than a third-degree burn over 3 percent.

Describe Capillary? Treatment?

- Dark Red; Oozes out slowly | - Treatment: Pressure dressing.

Causes and treatment: | Hemorrhage?

cause: cut/loss of limb; severe loss of blood - treatment: direct pressure = bandage indirect pressure = stop cap; tourniquet = last resort

(Vasogenic) shock

``` vascular container (blood vessels) dilate (enlarge) without a proportional increase in fluid volume ```