extras

Question 1

What is the main relay nucleus for primary visual cortex?

Answer 1

Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is the main relay nucleus for primary visual cortex

Question 2

Neurons in ____ can extract visual motion signals and represent them. ______ is critical for smooth pursuit (is thae place that is extracting target velocity (visual motion))

Answer 2

MT (extrastriate visual cortex)

Question 3

Superior rectus main actions

Answer 3

elevation and intorsion

• elevation increases with abduction
• intorsion decreases with abduction

Question 4

Inferior rectus main actions

Answer 4

Depression and extorsion

• Depression increases with abduction
• Extorsion decreases with abduction

Question 5

Inferior oblique main actions

Answer 5

Elevation and extorsion

• Elevation decreases with abduction
• Extorsion increases with abduction

Question 6

Superior oblique main actions

Answer 6

Depression and intorsion

• Depression decreases with abduction
• Intorsion increases with abduction

Question 7

How would you intort your eyes?

Question 8

What happens in photoreceptors in darkness vs. light, and why is there a delay in visual processing?

Answer 8

In darkness, cGMP levels are high, keeping cation channels open (Na⁺ in, K⁺ out), which depolarizes the photoreceptor and leads to continuous glutamate release onto bipolar cells. In light, cGMP is reduced, causing cation channels to close, leading to hyperpolarization and less glutamate release. There is a ~20 ms delay in visual processing because breaking down cGMP and closing ion channels takes time.