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Chemistry GCSE > Extracting metals+making alloys > Flashcards

Extracting metals+making alloys Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a metal ore

A

a rock that contain metal or metal compounds that are economically worth extracting

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2
Q

what do you have to do to the metal oxide compound

A

split up the metal and the oxygen

called reduction

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3
Q

aluminium and other reactive metals are extracted by

A

electrolysis

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4
Q

iron and less reactive metals are extracted by

A

reaction with carbon or carbon monoxide

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5
Q

the reactivity series

A 
P- potassium
S- sodium 
C- calcium
M- magnesium
A- aluminium
C- carbon
Z- zinc
I- iron
L- lead
C- copper
S- silver 
G- gold
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6
Q

how is gold extracted

A

gold isn’t extracted

it’s so I reactive it is found in its native state and not as a compound

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7
Q

where are the transition metals in the periodic table- give examples

A

transition metals are in the middle of the periodic table - between groups 2 and 3

example: iron, titanium and copper

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8
Q

what are properties of transition metals

A
  1. they are metals
  2. good conductors of heat and electricity
  3. they are malleable and ductile
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9
Q

what do malleable and ductile mean

A

they can be shaped or bent

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10
Q

what can transition metals be used for

A

construction metals

objects that need to let heat or electricity travel through them quickly

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11
Q

what is an iron ore called

A

haematite or galena

used to make iron or steel

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12
Q

how is iron extracted from an iron ore

A

in a huge container called a blast furnace

contain 96% iron. impurities are brittle so has limited uses

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13
Q

why is carbon used to displace iron from the iron oxide

A

because carbon is more reactive than iron

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14
Q

what is the word equation for using copper to split iron oxide (displacement)

A

iron oxide + carbon > iron + carbon dioxide

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15
Q

apart from carbon what else can reduce the iron oxide

A

carbon monoxide

because the blast furnace is so hot

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16
Q

what are the metals in metal compounds normally joined with

A

oxygen

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17
Q

what are coppers properties

A 
soft
easily bent
good conductor 
unreactive with water
not corrosive
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18
Q

what can copper be used for

A

plumbing
making pipes
making tanks

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19
Q

how do you extract copper from high grade ores

A

smelting

then purifying the copper with electrolysis

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20
Q

what is the metal ore for copper called

A

chalcocite

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21
Q

what is smelting

A

when you hear a metal ore in order to extract it’s metal

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22
Q

what happens in electrolysis

A

electricity is passed through copper compound

copper ions go to negative electrode and are deposited as copper metal

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23
Q

negatives to smelting

A

uses lots of heat + electricity

costs lots of money

bad for the environment (acid rain)

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24
Q

what is phytomining

A

the process of extraction of metals from ores using plants

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25
Q

how does phytomining work

A
  • plants absorbs copper
  • plants are burnt
  • plant ash contain copper compound
  • adds sulphuric acid
  • electrolysis separates copper sulphate solution
26
Q

what is bioleaching

A

process of extracting metals from ores using micro organisms

27
Q

how does bioleaching work

A

bacteria absorb copper compounds

Bacteria produce solutions called leachates- containing copper compounds

electrolysis

28
Q

how does scrap iron extract copper

A

iron more reactive than copper- so it can displace copper

iron+ copper sulphate> iron sulphate + copper

29
Q

what are coppers properties

A

soft
easily bent
good conductor
unreactive with water

30
Q

what can copper be used for

A

plumbing
making pipes
making tanks

31
Q

how do you extract copper from high grade ores

A

smelting

then purifying the copper with electrolysis

32
Q

what is the metal ore for copper called

A

chalcocite

33
Q

what is smelting

A

when you hear a metal ore in order to extract it’s metal

34
Q

what happens in electrolysis

A

electricity is passed through copper compound

copper ions go to negative electrode and are deposited as copper metal

35
Q

negatives to smelting

A

uses lots of heat + electricity

costs lots of money

bad for the environment (acid rain)

36
Q

what is phytomining

A

the process of extraction of metals from ores using plants

37
Q

how does phytomining work

A
  • plants absorbs copper
  • plants are burnt
  • plant ash contain copper compound
  • adds sulphuric acid
  • electrolysis separates copper sulphate solution
38
Q

what is bioleaching

A

process of extracting metals from ores using micro organisms

39
Q

how does bioleaching work

A

bacteria absorb copper compounds

Bacteria produce solutions called leachates- containing copper compounds

electrolysis

40
Q

how does scrap iron extract copper

A

iron more reactive than copper- so it can displace copper

iron+ copper sulphate> iron sulphate + copper

41
Q

properties of aluminium and titanium

A

low density (light)

resist corrosion

42
Q

what can aluminium be used for

A

aircraft
trains
cooking foil

43
Q

what can titanium be used for

A

hip joints

pipes

44
Q

problems with extracting titanium and aluminium

A

process has many stages

lots of energy Is needed

expensive to produce

45
Q

what is good about recycling

A

preserves limited resources

less energy is used

less damage to the environment

46
Q

what’s an alloy

A

mixture of two or more elements

  • one of which is a metal

most everyday metals are alloys because pure copper, gold, iron and aluminium are too soft

47
Q

what are the advantages of making alloys

A
  • designed to have properties for specific uses
  • low carbon steel is easily shaped
  • high carbon steels are hard
  • stainless steels are resistant to corrosion
48
Q

how is iron converted into steel

A

by removing some of carbon and blowing oxygen into it

the oxygen reacts with carbon which reduces the amount of carbon in the mixture

49
Q

why are they making new ways to extract copper

A

high grade copper ores are becoming scares

limit the environmental impact

50
Q

how do u get the metal from an ore

A

they are minded and may be concentrated before metal is extracted and purified

51
Q

what are the properties of transition metals

A
  • good conductors of heat and electricity
  • can be bent or hammered into shape
  • useful for structural materials and making thinks that must allow heat/electricity to pass through easily
52
Q

what are the advantages of exploiting metal ores

A

can make useful products

valuable revenue sometimes

creates jobs

wages go into economy

53
Q

disadvantages of exploiting metal ores

A
  • scares landscape and loss of habitats
  • pollution of toxic or acidic materials
  • can be costly
54
Q

what’s bad about recycling

A
  • have to separate usebful scraps from rubbish

- metals must be collected transported and sorted which is costly

55
Q

why a metals used as structural materials

A

copper is good electrical conductive for wiring

lead can be bent easily so can deal joints of roofs

steel is strong for scaffolding

aluminium aloud are corrosion resistant

56
Q

why may are the drawbacks of using metal as structural materials

A

, iron and steel can rust, severely weeks structures

exploit ion of metal ores to extract metals causes pollution and issues up earths limited resources

metals are more expensive than other metals life concrete

57
Q

explain low carbon steels, high carbon steels and stainless steel

A

low alloy- easily shaped contian 1%-5% of other metals

high alloy- contain higher percentage of other metals and are very hard

stainless steel- chromium and nickle and are resistant to corrosion

58
Q

name some metals that are mixed with small amounts of similar metals to produce alloys

A

most metals in everyday use

copper, gold, iron and aluminium

because they are too soft

59
Q

what are the uses of blast furnace iron

A

iron being used as cast iron because of its strength in compression

60
Q

why does a metal ore need to be separated to form metal compound

A

the Rock doesn’t contain 100% of metal compound so the Rock and other compounds need to be separated

61
Q

what is brass an alloy of

A

copper and zinc

it doesn’t corrode

62
Q

what is the Aliminum ore

A

bauxite

Chemistry GCSE (12 decks)

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