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Chemistry GCSE > Extracting metals+making alloys > Flashcards

Extracting metals+making alloys Flashcards

1
Q

what is a metal ore

A

a rock that contain metal or metal compounds that are economically worth extracting

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2
Q

what do you have to do to the metal oxide compound

A

split up the metal and the oxygen

called reduction

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3
Q

aluminium and other reactive metals are extracted by

A

electrolysis

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4
Q

iron and less reactive metals are extracted by

A

reaction with carbon or carbon monoxide

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5
Q

the reactivity series

A 
P- potassium
S- sodium 
C- calcium
M- magnesium
A- aluminium
C- carbon
Z- zinc
I- iron
L- lead
C- copper
S- silver 
G- gold
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6
Q

how is gold extracted

A

gold isn’t extracted

it’s so I reactive it is found in its native state and not as a compound

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7
Q

where are the transition metals in the periodic table- give examples

A

transition metals are in the middle of the periodic table - between groups 2 and 3

example: iron, titanium and copper

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8
Q

what are properties of transition metals

A
  1. they are metals
  2. good conductors of heat and electricity
  3. they are malleable and ductile
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9
Q

what do malleable and ductile mean

A

they can be shaped or bent

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10
Q

what can transition metals be used for

A

construction metals

objects that need to let heat or electricity travel through them quickly

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11
Q

what is an iron ore called

A

haematite or galena

used to make iron or steel

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12
Q

how is iron extracted from an iron ore

A

in a huge container called a blast furnace

contain 96% iron. impurities are brittle so has limited uses

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13
Q

why is carbon used to displace iron from the iron oxide

A

because carbon is more reactive than iron

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14
Q

what is the word equation for using copper to split iron oxide (displacement)

A

iron oxide + carbon > iron + carbon dioxide

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15
Q

apart from carbon what else can reduce the iron oxide

A

carbon monoxide

because the blast furnace is so hot

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16
Q

what are the metals in metal compounds normally joined with

A

oxygen

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17
Q

what are coppers properties

A 
soft
easily bent
good conductor 
unreactive with water
not corrosive
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18
Q

what can copper be used for

A

plumbing
making pipes
making tanks

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19
Q

how do you extract copper from high grade ores

A

smelting

then purifying the copper with electrolysis

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20
Q

what is the metal ore for copper called

A

chalcocite

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21
Q

what is smelting

A

when you hear a metal ore in order to extract it’s metal

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22
Q

what happens in electrolysis

A

electricity is passed through copper compound

copper ions go to negative electrode and are deposited as copper metal

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23
Q

negatives to smelting

A

uses lots of heat + electricity

costs lots of money

bad for the environment (acid rain)

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24
Q

what is phytomining

A

the process of extraction of metals from ores using plants

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25
how does phytomining work
- plants absorbs copper - plants are burnt - plant ash contain copper compound - adds sulphuric acid - electrolysis separates copper sulphate solution
26
what is bioleaching
process of extracting metals from ores using micro organisms
27
how does bioleaching work
bacteria absorb copper compounds Bacteria produce solutions called leachates- containing copper compounds electrolysis
28
how does scrap iron extract copper
iron more reactive than copper- so it can displace copper iron+ copper sulphate> iron sulphate + copper
29
what are coppers properties
soft easily bent good conductor unreactive with water
30
what can copper be used for
plumbing making pipes making tanks
31
how do you extract copper from high grade ores
smelting then purifying the copper with electrolysis
32
what is the metal ore for copper called
chalcocite
33
what is smelting
when you hear a metal ore in order to extract it's metal
34
what happens in electrolysis
electricity is passed through copper compound copper ions go to negative electrode and are deposited as copper metal
35
negatives to smelting
uses lots of heat + electricity costs lots of money bad for the environment (acid rain)
36
what is phytomining
the process of extraction of metals from ores using plants
37
how does phytomining work
- plants absorbs copper - plants are burnt - plant ash contain copper compound - adds sulphuric acid - electrolysis separates copper sulphate solution
38
what is bioleaching
process of extracting metals from ores using micro organisms
39
how does bioleaching work
bacteria absorb copper compounds Bacteria produce solutions called leachates- containing copper compounds electrolysis
40
how does scrap iron extract copper
iron more reactive than copper- so it can displace copper iron+ copper sulphate> iron sulphate + copper
41
properties of aluminium and titanium
low density (light) resist corrosion
42
what can aluminium be used for
aircraft trains cooking foil
43
what can titanium be used for
hip joints | pipes
44
problems with extracting titanium and aluminium
process has many stages lots of energy Is needed expensive to produce
45
what is good about recycling
preserves limited resources less energy is used less damage to the environment
46
what's an alloy
mixture of two or more elements - one of which is a metal most everyday metals are alloys because pure copper, gold, iron and aluminium are too soft
47
what are the advantages of making alloys
- designed to have properties for specific uses - low carbon steel is easily shaped - high carbon steels are hard - stainless steels are resistant to corrosion
48
how is iron converted into steel
by removing some of carbon and blowing oxygen into it the oxygen reacts with carbon which reduces the amount of carbon in the mixture
49
why are they making new ways to extract copper
high grade copper ores are becoming scares limit the environmental impact
50
how do u get the metal from an ore
they are minded and may be concentrated before metal is extracted and purified
51
what are the properties of transition metals
- good conductors of heat and electricity - can be bent or hammered into shape - useful for structural materials and making thinks that must allow heat/electricity to pass through easily
52
what are the advantages of exploiting metal ores
can make useful products valuable revenue sometimes creates jobs wages go into economy
53
disadvantages of exploiting metal ores
- scares landscape and loss of habitats - pollution of toxic or acidic materials - can be costly
54
what's bad about recycling
- have to separate usebful scraps from rubbish | - metals must be collected transported and sorted which is costly
55
why a metals used as structural materials
copper is good electrical conductive for wiring lead can be bent easily so can deal joints of roofs steel is strong for scaffolding aluminium aloud are corrosion resistant
56
why may are the drawbacks of using metal as structural materials
, iron and steel can rust, severely weeks structures exploit ion of metal ores to extract metals causes pollution and issues up earths limited resources metals are more expensive than other metals life concrete
57
explain low carbon steels, high carbon steels and stainless steel
low alloy- easily shaped contian 1%-5% of other metals high alloy- contain higher percentage of other metals and are very hard stainless steel- chromium and nickle and are resistant to corrosion
58
name some metals that are mixed with small amounts of similar metals to produce alloys
most metals in everyday use copper, gold, iron and aluminium because they are too soft
59
what are the uses of blast furnace iron
iron being used as cast iron because of its strength in compression
60
why does a metal ore need to be separated to form metal compound
the Rock doesn't contain 100% of metal compound so the Rock and other compounds need to be separated
61
what is brass an alloy of
copper and zinc it doesn't corrode
62
what is the Aliminum ore
bauxite

Chemistry GCSE (12 decks)

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