Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry 🧬 > Extracting Metals And Equilibria > Flashcards

Extracting Metals And Equilibria Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do you observe during the displacement of copper by magnesium?

A
  • The colour of the solution will fade as blue copper sulfate is replaced by colourless magnesium sulfate
  • An orange/brown coating of copper forming on the surface of the magnesium
  • An increase in temperature as it is exothermic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is phytoextraction?

A
  • Metal compounds absorbed by roots
  • Plant concentrates metal compounds in its shoots and leaves
  • Plants burned
  • Ash contains metal compounds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is bioleaching?

A
  • Some bacteria break down low grade ores
  • They produce acidic solutions called leachates which contain metal ions
  • Produces toxic substances which damage the environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the Haber process?

A
  • Nitrogen (extracted from the air) and hydrogen (obtained from natural gas) are pumped through pipes
  • A compressor increases the gas pressure to 200 atmospheres
  • The pressurised gases are heated to 450°C and passed through a reaction chamber containing an iron catalyst
  • The reaction mixture is cooled so the ammonium liquefies and can be removed
  • Unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen are recycled
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If the temperature is increased what is the effect and the rate of reaching equilibrium?

A
  • Moves in the direction of the endothermic reaction
  • Rate increased
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

If the pressure is increased what is the effect on the rate of reaching equilibrium?

A
  • Moves in the direction of the fewest molecules of gas
  • Rate increased (if reacting gases are present)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If the concentration of a reacting substance increase what is the effect on the rate of reaching equilibrium?

A
  • Moves in the direction away from the reacting substance
  • Rate increased
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If a catalyst is added what is the effect on the rate of reaching equilibrium?

A
  • The equilibrium position is not changed
  • Rate increased
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the order of reactivity?

A

Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Zinc
Iron
(Hydrogen)
Copper
Silver
Gold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Metal + steam >

A

Metal oxide + hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Metal + water >

A

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Metal + acid >

A

Salt + hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In the reactions between metals and water/steel/acids, are the metals oxidised or reduced? Is the water oxidised or reduced?

A

Metal – oxidised
Water – reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does a metals reactivity relate to its tendency to form cations?

A

The higher up a metal is in the reactivity series, the greater the tendency to form cations

The lower down the metal is, the greater it’s resistance to oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which metals react with water?

A

Potassium
Sodium
Calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which metals react with dilute acid?

A

All but copper silver and gold

17
Q

What is oxidation in terms of oxygen?

A

Gain of oxygen

18
Q

What is reduction in terms of oxygen?

A

Loss of oxygen

19
Q

Where are most unreactive metals found?

A
  • In the earths crust
  • As uncombined elements
20
Q

What is an ore?

A

A rock that contains enough of a metal or metal compound to make extracting it worthwhile

21
Q

Which metals can be extracted by reduction of carbon?

A
  • Metals are less reactive than carbon
  • Zinc iron copper
22
Q

What equipment is used to extract iron?

A

Blast furnace

23
Q

What is the equation for the reduction of iron oxide by carbon?

A

Iron oxide + carbon > iron + carbon monoxide

Or

Iron oxide + carbon monoxide > iron + carbon dioxide

24
Q

How is aluminium extracted?

A

Electrolysis:

  • Aluminium is dissolved in molten cryolite
  • At the cathode, aluminium ions gain electrons and are reduced to aluminium atoms
  • At the anode, oxide ions lose electrons to form oxygen gas
  • Oxygen reacts with the carbon anodes so they must be replaced regularly
25
Q

What are the advantages of recycling metals?

A
  • Requires less energy than it does to extract new ones
  • Metal ores will last longer
  • Fewer quarries and mines
  • Less noise and heavy traffic
  • Less land is needed
26
Q

What are the disadvantages of recycling?

A
  • Used metals must be collected and transported to the recycling centre
  • Different metals must be removed from used items and sorted
27
Q

What are the stages of life-cycle assessments?

A
  • Extracting and processing raw materials
  • Manufacturing and packaging
  • Use and operation during its lifetime
  • Disposal
28
Q

What data do you need for an LCA?

A
  • Use of energy and water
  • Release of a waste materials
  • Transport and storage
  • Whether the raw material is renewable or nonrenewable
  • Whether any of the products can be recycled or reused
  • How the product will be disposed
29
Q

What is dynamic equilibrium?

A
  • When the rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of backward reaction
  • So the concentration of reactants and products are constant even though they are continually reacting
30
Q

What is the Haber process?

A

The reversible reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen and form ammonia

31
Q

What are the main stages of the Haber process?

A
  • Nitrogen (from air) and hydrogen (from natural gas) are pumped through pipes
  • A compressor increases the gas pressure to 200 atmospheres
  • The gas is then heated to 450°C and passed through a reaction chamber containing an iron catalyst
  • The mixture is cooled so the ammonia liquefies and is removed
  • Unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen are recycled
32
Q

If the temperature increases, what will be the effect on the equilibrium position?

A

It will move in the direction of the endothermic reaction

33
Q

If the pressure is increased what will be the effect on the equilibrium position?

A

It will move in the direction of the fewest molecules of gas

34
Q

If the concentration of a reacting substance is increased, what will be the effect on the equilibrium position?

A

It will move in the direction away from the reacting substance

Chemistry 🧬 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions