Extracellular electrolytes

Question 1

What is a primary determinant of ECF osmolality?

Answer 1

Sodium

Question 2

3 main functions of sodium

Answer 2

BP, Blood volume, PH balance

Question 3

Hypernatremia Signs and Symptoms

Answer 3

-greater than 145
-BIG AND BLOATED
-Flush “red and rosy” santa clause
-edema “waterbed skin”
-low grade fever
-Polydipsia (excessive thirst)
-swollen dry tongue
-N and V
-increased muscle tone
-hyperreflexia
-increased bp and pulse

Question 4

Hyponatremia sings and symptoms

Answer 4

-less than 135
-DEPRESSED AND DEFLATED
-seizures and come
-tachycardia, weak thready pulses
-respiratory arrest
-weakness
-increases HR, decrease BP

Question 5

hyperkalemia signs and symptoms

Answer 5

-5.0 or more
-TIGHT AND CONTRACTED LIKE A CRAMP
-ST elevation and peaked T waves
-vfib
-Hypotension, bradycardia
-Diarrhea
-hyperactive bowel sounds
-paralysis in extremities
-increased DTR
-muscle weakness

Question 6

Hypokalemia signs and symptoms

Answer 6

-less than 3.5
-LOW AND SLOW
-flat T waves, ST depression, prominent U wave
-decreased DTR
-muscle cramping
-flaccid paralysis (paralyzed limbs)
-decreased motility, hypoactive to bowel sounds
-constipation
-abdominal distention
-paralytic ileus

Question 7

what is potassium’s main function?

Answer 7

maintain heart and muscle contraction

Question 8

what are the three main function’s of calcium?

Answer 8

Three B’s:
-Bones
-Blood (clotting factor)
-beats

Question 9

Hypercalcemia signs and symptoms

Answer 9

-Above 10.5
-SWOLLEN AND SLOW WITH MOANS, GROANS, AND STONES
-constipation
-bone pain
-renal calculi (kidney stones)
-DECREASED DTR’S
-severe muscle weakness
-3 p’s

Question 10

Hypocalcemia signs and symptoms

Answer 10

-less than 8.8
-Trousseaus’s signs
-Chvostek’s signs
-Diarrhea
-circumoral tingling (tingling around mouth)
-calcium is on vacation and not taking care of the 3 B’s
-Bones: weak, risk for fractures
-Blood: risk for bleeding
-Beats: cardiac dyssryhthmias

Question 11

what is a nurse priority for hyperkalemia?

Answer 11

check ecg results

Question 12

Magnesium function is

Answer 12

law and order in the muscles and required for calcium and vit D absorption.

Question 13

Who is magnesium’s best friend?

Answer 13

Calcium

Question 14

Hypermagnesemia signs and symptoms

Answer 14

-greater than 3.6
-CALM AND QUIET
-heart blocks
-prolonged PR intervals
-bradycardia, hypotension
-DECREASED DTR’S
-DECREASED RESPIRATORY RATE
-hypoactive bowel sounds
-flushing, diaphoresis

Question 15

Hypomagnesemia signs and symptoms

Answer 15

-less than 1.8
-WILD AHH
-ST depression, T wave inversion, wide qrs
-POSITIVE CHVOSTEK AND TROUSSEAU SIGN
-Torsades de pointes
-vfib
-tachycardia
-increased DTR’s
-abnormal eye movements (nystagmus)
-Diarrhea

Question 16

phosphorus main function

Answer 16

bone and teeth formation and helps regulate calcium

Question 17

Hyperphosphatemia signs and symptoms

Answer 17

“decreased calcium”
-more than 4.5
-Trousseaus and chvosteks signs
-diarrhea
-weak B’s
-weak bones
-weak blood clotting
-cardiac dyssrhythmias

Question 18

Hypophosphatemia signs and symptoms

Answer 18

“increased calcium”
-less than 2.5
-SWOLLEN AND SLOW WITH MOANS, GROANS, AND STONES
-constipation
-decreased DTR and severe muscle weakness
-decreased HR, RR
-increased BP
-kidney stones

Question 19

who is calcium’s worst enemy?

Answer 19

Phosphate