Extra: Viruses Flashcards
Coronavirus includes MERS and SARS.
What does corona virus cause?
Common cold, SARS and MERS
What is SARS?
Transmitted?
Causes what?
Most at risk?
SARS: severe acute respiratory distress
bats -> palm civet cats -> humans ; started in China -> CAN -> US
Fever, myalgia, dry cough, pneumo => ARD in 10% of people (die)
health care workers
What is MERS?
Transmitted?
Causes what?
Middle east resp syndrome
bats -> camels -> humans
Pneuo and ARDS, with a 30% chance of mortaility
Bacterial infections
Fever:
WBC:
Platlets:
High fever:
High WBC;
Left shift (10% band):
High platelets d/t acute phase reactants like CRP; neutrophils are mostly increase
Viral infections
Fever
WBC:
Platlets:
Low fever; higher in adults and lower in kids
Normal or increased WBC; high lymphocytes
Normal platelet count
Bacterial
Dx:
Skin manifestation:
Dx with culture, somtimes rapid diagnostic tests
Skin: florid (reddist)
Viral
Dx:
Skin manifestation:
Dx: serology; may have unusual effects on RBC or platelets; affects reticulo-system
Exanthema: rash or skin erruption that fades quickly
What is the difference between pneumonitis and pneumonia
Pneumontitis: interstitial pattern that is less cohesive; disorganized
pneumonia: organized confluent process and evidenec that there is infiltrate in lung
What are the major
pathophysiologic manifestations
of spirochete infections?
- endarteritis
2. Lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates
What will someone who has acute bacterial meningitis CSF look like?
Color
Proteins:
Glucose:
Opening pressure
Color: cloudy (turbid)
Proteins: increased
Glucose: decreased.
Opening pressure: increased.
What will someone who has acute VIRAL meningitis CSF look like?
Color
Proteins:
Glucose:
Opening pressure
Color: clear
Proteins: increased (less than 200 tho)
Glucose: normal
Opening pressure: normal;
What will someone who has acute Fungal meningitis CSF look like?
Color: clear
Proteins: high
Glucose: normal or LOW
Opening pressure: normal or elevated
Monospot test for mono is also called what?
Heterophil antibody test
If a bacterial infection is present, what will sputum cultures come back?
POSTIVE
What can cause mono?
how can we tell the difference
- EBV (most common cause)
- CMV
Viral syndromes that cause splenomegaly; mono; vulnerable to rupture
To tell the difference do a monospot (heterophil AB test):
if +: EBV
NEg: could be CMV
If + for MONO: EBV causes B cells to secrete heterophile anti-sheep RBC antibodies => cause AGLutTINATION of animals blood
If -: CMV
IF serum cold agluttinins are +, and heterophil Ab test is neg, what do we think of?
Mycoplasma pneumonia, causes pneumotitis (streaky bilateral)
Mycoplasma pneumonia produces what 2 clinical findings?
- bullous myringitis: painful blisters in eardrum
- Erythema multiforme
Also atypical pneumona (pneumotitis)
Are more distinct rashes more likely bacteria or virus?
Viral: faint rashes
Bacterial: florid (rash or skin erruption that fades quickly)
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Respiratory pathogen but not seen in healthy individual
wjat kind of ppl?
AIDS pts with a CD4 less than 200
first thing to do after bacterial infection
CXR
Platelet counts in neoplasias?
LOW
gram + diplococci
strep pneumo
Most common cause of bladder infection
e. coli
- > staph sapro
do chlam and gonorrhea affect the bladder
no.
fallopian tubes and uterus
no utis
Most common causes of diarrhea worldwide:
Campylobacter
E Coli
Rototoxin (?)
what causes HUS
ecoli
shigella
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever → caused by
ticks
Lyme Disease as above. Which of the following could be most helpful in definitively establishing the diagnosis in this setting?
Gram stain of an aspirate from a knee Acute and convalescent serology titers Skin biopsy Aerobic culture of CSF Spirochetes do not culture well HLA-B27
Acute and convalescent serology titers
what is one thing to note about spirochetes
they do not culture well
main way to get hep B
needle sticks, STD
Purulent exudate in throat → _____
pharyngritis
Obligate intracellular parasite will cause what kind of rash and temp
Faint reticular rash + Big temperature
what hep is the only DNA virus
Hep B = hepadana
which hep cause diahrrea
vowels hit your bowels
A and E lack a envelope and are not destroyed by the gut
all others are enveloped
all heps do what
fever,
juandice
increase ALT and AST
which hep as DNA and RNA dep acticities
partial dsDNA => ssRNA => fulll dsDNA
hepB
whhat will be + for someone immunized with for heb b
anti HepB surface Ab
what are the paramyxoviruses
mumps, measles, rubiolla and RSV and param
