Extra: Viruses

Question 1

Coronavirus includes MERS and SARS.

What does corona virus cause?

Answer 1

Common cold, SARS and MERS

Question 2

What is SARS?

Transmitted?

Causes what?

Most at risk?

Answer 2

SARS: severe acute respiratory distress

bats -> palm civet cats -> humans ; started in China -> CAN -> US

Fever, myalgia, dry cough, pneumo => ARD in 10% of people (die)

health care workers

Question 3

What is MERS?

Transmitted?

Causes what?

Answer 3

Middle east resp syndrome

bats -> camels -> humans

Pneuo and ARDS, with a 30% chance of mortaility

Question 4

Bacterial infections

Fever:

WBC:

Platlets:

Answer 4

High fever:

High WBC;

Left shift (10% band):

High platelets d/t acute phase reactants like CRP; neutrophils are mostly increase

Question 5

Viral infections

Fever

WBC:

Platlets:

Answer 5

Low fever; higher in adults and lower in kids

Normal or increased WBC; high lymphocytes

Normal platelet count

Question 6

Bacterial

Dx:

Skin manifestation:

Answer 6

Dx with culture, somtimes rapid diagnostic tests

Skin: florid (reddist)

Question 7

Viral

Dx:

Skin manifestation:

Answer 7

Dx: serology; may have unusual effects on RBC or platelets; affects reticulo-system

Exanthema: rash or skin erruption that fades quickly

Question 8

What is the difference between pneumonitis and pneumonia

Answer 8

Pneumontitis: interstitial pattern that is less cohesive; disorganized

pneumonia: organized confluent process and evidenec that there is infiltrate in lung

Question 9

What are the major
pathophysiologic manifestations
of spirochete infections?

Answer 9

1. endarteritis

2. Lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates

Question 10

What will someone who has acute bacterial meningitis CSF look like?

Color
Proteins:
Glucose:
Opening pressure

Answer 10

Color: cloudy (turbid)
Proteins: increased
Glucose: decreased.
Opening pressure: increased.

Question 11

What will someone who has acute VIRAL meningitis CSF look like?

Color
Proteins:
Glucose:
Opening pressure

Answer 11

Color: clear
Proteins: increased (less than 200 tho)
Glucose: normal
Opening pressure: normal;

Question 12

What will someone who has acute Fungal meningitis CSF look like?

Answer 12

Color: clear
Proteins: high
Glucose: normal or LOW
Opening pressure: normal or elevated

Question 13

Monospot test for mono is also called what?

Answer 13

Heterophil antibody test

Question 14

If a bacterial infection is present, what will sputum cultures come back?

Answer 14

POSTIVE

Question 15

What can cause mono?

how can we tell the difference

Answer 15

1. EBV (most common cause)
2. CMV

Viral syndromes that cause splenomegaly; mono; vulnerable to rupture

To tell the difference do a monospot (heterophil AB test):
if +: EBV
NEg: could be CMV

If + for MONO: EBV causes B cells to secrete heterophile anti-sheep RBC antibodies => cause AGLutTINATION of animals blood

If -: CMV

Question 16

IF serum cold agluttinins are +, and heterophil Ab test is neg, what do we think of?

Answer 16

Mycoplasma pneumonia, causes pneumotitis (streaky bilateral)

Question 17

Mycoplasma pneumonia produces what 2 clinical findings?

Answer 17

1. bullous myringitis: painful blisters in eardrum
2. Erythema multiforme

Also atypical pneumona (pneumotitis)

Question 18

Are more distinct rashes more likely bacteria or virus?

Answer 18

Viral: faint rashes
Bacterial: florid (rash or skin erruption that fades quickly)

Question 19

Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
Respiratory pathogen but not seen in healthy individual
wjat kind of ppl?

Answer 19

AIDS pts with a CD4 less than 200

Question 20

first thing to do after bacterial infection

Answer 20

CXR

Question 21

Platelet counts in neoplasias?

Answer 21

LOW

Question 22

gram + diplococci

Answer 22

strep pneumo

Question 23

Most common cause of bladder infection

Answer 23

e. coli

- > staph sapro

Question 24

do chlam and gonorrhea affect the bladder

Answer 24

no.
fallopian tubes and uterus

no utis

Question 25

Most common causes of diarrhea worldwide:

Answer 25

Campylobacter
E Coli
Rototoxin (?)

Question 26

what causes HUS

Answer 26

ecoli

shigella

Question 27

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever → caused by

Answer 27

ticks

Question 28

Lyme Disease as above. Which of the following could be most helpful in definitively establishing the diagnosis in this setting?

Gram stain of an aspirate from a knee
Acute and convalescent serology titers
Skin biopsy
Aerobic culture of CSF
Spirochetes do not culture well
HLA-B27

Answer 28

Acute and convalescent serology titers

Question 29

what is one thing to note about spirochetes

Answer 29

they do not culture well

Question 30

main way to get hep B

Answer 30

needle sticks, STD

Question 31

Purulent exudate in throat → _____

Answer 31

pharyngritis

Question 32

Obligate intracellular parasite will cause what kind of rash and temp

Answer 32

Faint reticular rash + Big temperature

Question 33

what hep is the only DNA virus

Answer 33

Hep B = hepadana

Question 34

which hep cause diahrrea

Answer 34

vowels hit your bowels

A and E lack a envelope and are not destroyed by the gut

all others are enveloped

Question 35

all heps do what

Answer 35

fever,
juandice
increase ALT and AST

Question 36

which hep as DNA and RNA dep acticities

partial dsDNA => ssRNA => fulll dsDNA

Answer 36

hepB

Question 37

whhat will be + for someone immunized with for heb b

Answer 37

anti HepB surface Ab

Question 38

what are the paramyxoviruses

Answer 38

mumps, measles, rubiolla and RSV and param