Extra topics - Respiration, control of HR & calibration curves Flashcards
Describe glycolysis
State the products of glycolysis
2x Pyruvate
Net gain 2x ATP
2x NADH
Describe the link reaction
State the products of the link reaction
(Per glucose molecule)
2x Acetyl CoA
2x Co2
2x NADH
Describe the Krebs cycle
State the products of the Krebs cycle
(Per cycle)
3x NADH
1x FADH2
1x ATP
2x CO2
Describe oxidative phosphorylation
State the two pathways for anaerobic respiration
1) Lactate fermentation pathway (animals)
2) Ethanol fermentation pathway (fungi & plants)
Describe the lactate fermentation pathway
Describe the ethanol fermentation pathway
What part of the brain unconsciously controls the rate at which the SAN fires?
The medulla oblongata
Where are baroreceptors located?
In the aorta & carotid arteries (in the neck)
Where are chemoreceptors found?
Aorta, carotid arteries & the medulla
Which comes first, the AVN or SAN?
SAN, then AVN
Someone has high blood pressure, state the following sequence of events
High blood pressure
Baroreceptors detect this
Impulses sent to medulla, parasympathetic neurones, secrete ACh, binds to receptors on the SAN
Effects on cardiac muscles
Heart rate slows down to reduce blood pressure back to normal
Someone has low blood pressure, state the following sequence of events
Low blood pressure
Detected by baroreceptors
Impulses sent to medulla, sympathetic neurones, secrete noradrenaline, binds to receptors on SAN
Effector = cardiac muscles
Heart rate increases to increase blood pressure
Someone has high blood O2, low CO2, or high pH levels, state the following sequence of events
High blood O2, low CO2, or high pH levels
Chemoreceptors detect the changes
Impulses sent to the medulla, parasympathetic neurones, secretes ACh, binds to receptors on the AVN
Effector = cardiac muscles
Heart rate decreases, returns to normal
Someone has low blood O2, high CO2 or low pH levels, state the following sequence of events
Low blood O2, high CO2 or low pH levels
Chemoreceptors detect the changes
Impulses sent to the medulla, parasympathetic neurones, secretes ACh, binds to receptors on the AVN
Effector = cardiac muscles
Heart rate decreases, returns to normal
State the axis of a calibration curve
X = Concentration of sucrose solution (M)
Y = % change in mass
Potato chips will ____ mass in solutions with a high water potential
Potato chips will GAIN mass in solutions with a high water potential
Potato chips will ____ mass in solutions with a low water potential
Potato chips will LOOSE mass in solutions with a low water potential
What point on a calibration curve shows where the water potential of the sucrose solution = the water potential of the potato cells?
Where the line crosses the X-axis
