Extra test material

Question 1

What is the incidence of gastroschisis?

Answer 1

1:15,000 (rare)

Question 2

What is the incidence of omphalocele?

Answer 2

1:6,000

Question 3

What type of induction for TEF?

Answer 3

Awake if unstable

RSI if stable

Question 4

Which is the more common myelodysplasia?

Answer 4

meningomyelocele 3:1000

encephalocele only 0.3:1000

Question 5

What is the risks of myelodysplasias and what is subsequent mortality?

Answer 5

• • Infection/death due to exposed CNS elements
• • Delayed closure worsens motor function later in life
• • Mortality 17.6% so correct abnormality AS SOON AS BABY IS BORN

Question 6

What is the incidence of Hirschsprung’s Disease?

Answer 6

1: 5000 births
Male: female = 4:1

Question 7

What is the incidence of TE fistula?

Answer 7

1:3000 live births

Question 8

What are important considerations for a patient with a nasal encephalocele?

Answer 8

Positioning is important.

AWAKE intubation

Question 9

What are the main electrolyte imbalances seen with pyloric stenosis?

Answer 9

Hypokalemia

Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis

Question 10

What happens to sodium levels during pyloric stenosis?

Answer 10

Relatively unchanged

-Body will defend volume before pH and thus saves sodium to retain water

Question 11

What is the incidence of pyloric stenosis?

Answer 11

4:1 male:female

Question 12

How do you induce a pyloric stenosis pt?

Answer 12

Awake if unstable

RSI if stable

Question 13

How do you extubate pyloric stenosis pt?

Answer 13

AWAKE

Question 14

What has the FDA launched for the safety of children?

Answer 14

SAFEKIDS now SMARTTOTS

Question 15

Which preoperative lab values are important to consider when worried about the risk of postoperative apnea?

Answer 15

Hct (and K)

Question 16

What are the contributing factors for AOP?

Answer 16

CNS disease
Systemic illness
Thermal/metabolic disturbances
Airway anomalies

Question 17

What effects do halogenated agents have on the CO2 response curve and ventilatory response to hypoxia?

Answer 17

Dose-dependent decrease in slope and right shift of CO2 response curve
Depressed ventilatory response to hypoxia

Question 18

What are the characteristics of Bronchopulmonary displasia?

Answer 18

Increased airway resistance
Poor long compliance
VQ mismatch
Hypoxemia/O2 desaturation
Increased work of breathing
Chronic wheezing

Question 19

How is PCA calculated?

Answer 19

Age since birth - weeks premature

Question 20

What are the fasting guidelines (in hours) for solids/milk for 36 mos of age?

Answer 20

< 6 mos = 4 hrs
6-36 mos = 6 hrs
> 36 mos = 8 hrs

Question 21

What procedures are associated with PONV?

Answer 21

T & A, ENT, Ears, Eyes, laparoscopic

Question 22

Is there a correlation between # surgeries and learning disabilities?

Answer 22

> 3 surgeries before age 2 = increased incidence of learning disabilities