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Infection > Extra stuff from document > Flashcards

Extra stuff from document Flashcards

1
Q

What is CRP and what are it’s funcitions?

A

produced in the liver, binds to bacteria and then acts as an opsonin assisting in phagocytosis. Acts as a cytokine too.

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2
Q

What test is used to differentiate between the two main groups of gram +ve cocci - streptococci and staphylococci?

A

The catalase test

Staphylococci - catalase positive and exist in clusters
Streptococci - catalase negative and exist in chains

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3
Q

Describe the structure of nisseria meningitidis

A

gram negative diplodoccus

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of meningitis?

A

Severe headache/vomiting/photophobia/head and neck rash

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5
Q

Name two major causes of bacterial meningitis

A

Nisseria meningitidis/Haemophilia influenzae/Streptococcus pneumoniae

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6
Q

What is the strucutre of H. influenzae?

What three diseases can it cause?

A

gram negative rod

Meningitis/pneumonia/sepsis

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7
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram-positive diplodoccus. It is a major member of the viridans streptococci, so what colour is it ?

A

Green

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8
Q

What are the clinical signs and symtpoms ssociated with pneumonia

A

Coughing sputum/breathless/pleuritic chest pain

High RR, Low sats, crackling over lungs

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9
Q

Name three virulence factors that Streptococcus pyogenes has

A

Capsule/M protein/streptolysins/DNAses/streptokinase/pyrogenic exotoxins

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10
Q

Name three diseases caused by streptococcus pyogenes

A

cellulitis/acute pharyngitis (tonsilitis)/impetigo/sepsis/erysipelas/necrotising fascitis/toxic shock syndrome

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11
Q

What antibiotic would you give to a pateint infected with nisseria meningitidis or H. influenzae?

A

Ceftriaxone

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12
Q

How would you trreat pneumonia caused by streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Co-amoxiclav, add doxycycline if its not working

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13
Q

What drug would you use to treat S. pyogenes infection, what if resistant?

A

Flucoxacillin, doxycycline if resistant

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14
Q

What organisms does doxycycline target?

A

Gram positive

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15
Q

Describe three virulence factors of S. aureus

A

Haemolysins/coagulase/superantigen toxins/catalase/fibronectin binding protein

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16
Q

S. aureus is a very important organism, name three diseases it can cause
Staph aureus commonly causes lesions and cysts/

A

MRSA/cellulitis/wound infection/pneumonia/endocarditis/sepsis/toxic shock syndrome

17
Q

Apart from MRSA what is the treatment for cellulitis?

A

Flucoxicillin

MRSA is methicillin resistant staph aureus so requires vancomycin

18
Q

What are the two major causes of cellulitis? How to treat?

A

S. pyogenes and S. aureus, both are treated with flucoxicillin

19
Q

What are the major organisms causing community acquired pneumonia??

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae/H. influenzae/S. aureus

20
Q

What are some specific symtpoms of MRSA keeping in mind that it is caused by S. aureus?

A

Abcesses, swollen skin, infected wounds, malaise

21
Q

What is the treatment regime for MRSA?

A

Drain any abcesses/isolate the patient/prescribe a decolonisation agent/prescribe vancomycin IV

22
Q

What is the treatment for community acquired pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae?

A

Doxycycline

23
Q

Vancomycin is only used on gram positive species, what are it’s two major uses?

A

MRSA and C. dif

24
Q

Clostridium difficile is a gram positive rod which causes chronic diarrhoea. It is commonly associated with recent antibiotic use. What is the alternative treatment for it if Vancomycin doesn’t work?

A

Metranidazole

25
Q

What are the two major causes of pharyngitits?

A

S. pyogenes and EBV

26
Q

Name three common signs associated with endocarditis

A

Lesions on palms and feet/nodules on fingers and toes/spots in the eye/ splinter haemorrhages under the nail bed/poor gum state/heart murmur

27
Q

What are the major causes of endocarditis (bacterial)

A

Coagulase negative staph/S. aureus/viridans streptococci (S. pneumoniae)

28
Q

Helicobacter pylori is a gram negative organism, what is it commonly associated with?

A

Gastric ulcers and chronic gastritis

29
Q

Give three symptoms/signs of hepatitis

A

Jaundice/fatigue/RUQ pain/clotting deficiency/weight loss/anorexia/anaemia/fatigue

30
Q

What are the four major complications associated with AIDS

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma/PCP/oral thrush/malignancies

31
Q

Give three infections which E. coli can cause

A

UTI/traveller’s diarrhoea/peritonitis/septicaemia/neonatal meningitis

32
Q

what is the treatment for neonatal meningitis

A

Ceftoxamine

33
Q

What is the treatment for most E. coli infections?

A

Trimethoprim - nitrofurantoin if resistant

34
Q

What ar ethe four opportunistic infections caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Pneumonia in CF
UTI in diabetes
Malignant otis externa in diabetes
Pneumonia in COPD

Infection (25 decks)

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