Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Radiology! > Extra-oral radiography > Flashcards

Extra-oral radiography Flashcards

(43 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

name the 4 EO images that relate to the mandible

A
  1. postero-anterior mandible
  2. reverse townes view
  3. lateral oblique mandible
  4. DPT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

name the 4 Eo images that relate to the maxilla/cranium

A
  1. lateral cephalogram
  2. lateral skull
  3. occipital-mental views 0, 10, 30 degrees
  4. TMJ joint views
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is PA in radiography?

A

postero-anterior (X-ray beam coming from post to ant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is AP in radiograph?

A

Anterior-posterior (X-ray beam coming from ant to post)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

OM stands for?

A

Occipito-mental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

LAT stands for?

A

lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

name the 3 radiographic landmarks?

A
  1. radiographic baseline
  2. frankfort plane
  3. maxillary occlusal plane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the radiographic baseline represent?

A

the base of the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where does the radiographic baseline start and finish?

A

from the canthus of the eye to EAM external auditory meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does the frankfort plane represent?

A

the anthropological base line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where does the frankfort plane begin and end?

A

at the IOB inferior orbital border to the upper border of the EAM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where does the maxillary occlusal plane begin and end?

A

the ALA of the nose to the tragus of the ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why is there increased scatter in EO radiography?

A

because you must increase the field of the beam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the consequences of more scatter radiation? 3 things

A
  1. more background fog
  2. greyer image
  3. lacks contrast
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the anti-scatter grid composed of?

A

narrow strips of lead and plastic (alternating)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does the anti-scatter grid do?

A

prevents scattered photons in the patient from reaching the film

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the anti-scatter grid can be … or ….

A

moving/oscillating OR fixed/stationary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

indications to take a PA mandible are.. 3 points

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. FRACTURES (shows media-lateral displacement)
  2. CYSTS/MALIGNANCY (causing bone destruction or media-lateral displacement
  3. GOOD VISUALISATION of POSTERIOR BODY of RAMUS
19
Q

2 positives of PA mandible radiograph?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. reduced magnification of facial structures

2. reduced dose to eyes

20
Q

For PA mandible what is the positioning landmark used and at what angle is it?

Study These Flashcards
A

the radiographic baseline is horizontal (from the canthus of the eye to the EAM)

21
Q

the 4 procedures for taking a PA mandible are…

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. get pt facing film
  2. nose and forehead touching the film holder
  3. horizontal radiographic baseline
  4. centre of beam aimed to midline of patient at height of midline ramus of mandible
22
Q

give 8 external landmarks to determine the midline

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. nasal septum
  2. coronoid process
  3. mastoid process
  4. condyle head
  5. condyle neck
  6. angle of mandible
  7. petrous part of temporal bone
  8. shadow of spine
23
Q

3 indications for taking reverse townes radiograph

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Improve visualisation of HEAD and NECK of condyle
  2. Trauma
  3. Pathology
24
Q

4 point for positioning for the reverse townes

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. patient facing film
  2. nose and forehead touching the film
  3. radiographic baseline horizontal (canthus of eye to EAM)
  4. centre of beam aimed to midline of patient and through condyles. Xray beam angled 30 degrees up
25
indications for an EO lateral oblique mandible radiograph 5 things
1. FRACTURES of ramus, body or condyle 2. PATHOLOGY such as cysts 3. assessment of UPPER 8's 4. CARIES assessment for YOUNG CHILDREN that cannot tolerate bitewings 5. dental assessment for SPECIAL NEEDS patients
26
name the 3 positions that you can take a lateral oblique mandible
1. isocentric positioning using a skull unit 2. dental tube with horizontal angulation 3. dental tube with vertical angulation
27
what is the isocenteric position? to take a lateral oblique mandible
- pt supine - machine rotated to horizontal position - angle 25 degrees towards the head - top of pts head tilted towards film
28
what is the dental tube vertical angulation? to take a lateral oblique mandible
- pt holds cassette against and parallel to the side of mouth that is getting radiographed - X-ray tube at other side touching underneath the border of the mandible - X-ray beam aimed at teeth needing radiographed and angled SLIGHTLY UPWARDS -
29
1 positive and 2 negative points about the dental tube vertical angulation for an EO lateral oblique mandible
+ = opposite body of the mandible projected up and away from area of interest - = vertical distortion of the teeth - = maxillary teeth not always shown clearly
30
what is the dental tube - horizontal angulation also called?
radiographic keyhole
31
what is the dental tube horizontal angulation aiming?
horizontally, across occlusal plane
32
the radiographic keyhole is where in the horizontal angulation of the X-ray tube when taking a lateral oblique EO mandible view?
triangular space between the BACK OF RAMUS and the CERVICAL spine
33
disadvantage of horizontal angulation of the X-ray tube?
X-ray beam does not pass straight through the contact points giving crossover
34
In a lateral ceph, what is the xray to film distance?
1.5-2m
35
In a lateral ceph, what is used to have standardising positioning?
ear rods
36
In a lateral ceph, what are the 2 main indications?
- orthodontic assessment | - pre orthognathic surgery
37
In a lateral ceph, what helps to understand how much if any magnification has occurred?
the magnification rod
38
how to position the patient and X-ray beam for a lateral cephlogram? 5 points
- ear rods in place - teeth in occlusion - mid sagittal plane parallel to the image receptor - frankfort plane horizontal (from lower border of orbit to the EAM - centre of beam aimed at EAM
39
In a lateral ceph, how do you image the soft tissues with a film and digital receptor?
film = aluminium filter positioned at anterior part of face that attenuates the beam in that region. digital = the software make it visible
40
how can you reduce the dose for a lateral cephlogram?
reduce the beam size which cuts out most of the skull but still showing necessary areas (mandible and maxilla)
41
2 main indications to take a lateral SKULL?
- pathology = pagets disease and myeloma | - trauma = fractures
42
which area of the skull are you aiming to see in a lateral skull view?
the vault of the skull
43
Give 4 main differences between lateral ceph and lateral skull
lateral ceph 1. uses a cephlogram 2. has an aluminium filter to see soft tissues 3. patient must be in occlusion 4. has a large patient to focus distance to reduce magnification

Radiology! (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions