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BDS3 Radiology > Extra-Oral Radiography > Flashcards

Extra-Oral Radiography Flashcards

1
Q

when is a radiograph an extra oral radiograph

A

when the receptor is outside the mouth

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2
Q

what are indications for using extra oral radiographs

A

for people who cannot tolerate intra-oral ones
for looking at structures that aren’t dento-alveolar

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3
Q

what are common types of extra oral radiographs

A

panoramic
cephalometric
oblique lateral
skull radiographs

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4
Q

what does a postero-anterior x-ray mean

A

the beam is starting from behind the patient and passes anteriorly

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5
Q

what does a true radiograph mean

A

the angulation is perpendicular to the head

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6
Q

what does an oblique radiograph mean

A

the angulation is not perpendicular to the head

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7
Q

what is the mid sagittal plane

A

vertical line down middle of the face

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8
Q

what is the interpupillary line

A

connects both pupils

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9
Q

what is the frankfort plane

A

connects the infraorbital margin and the superior border of the external auditory meatus

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10
Q

what is the orbito-meatal line

A

connects the outer canthus and centre of external auditory meatus

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11
Q

what is the difference in degrees between frankfort plane and orbitomeatal line

A

10 degrees

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12
Q

why are reference lines/ planes important

A

if you want to take updated x-rays to compare in the future you need to be able to set up the same way

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13
Q

what is cephalometry

A

the measurement and study of the head and neck

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14
Q

what are the two types of cephalometry

A

lateral
postero-anterior

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15
Q

what is the most important cephalogram

A

lateral cephalogram

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16
Q

what anatomy does a lateral cephalogram capture

A

teeth
facial bones and soft tissues
paranasal sinuses
pharyngeal soft tissue
cervical vertebrae

17
Q

when are lateral cephs usually used

A

assessing skeletal discrepancies when functional appliances or fixed appliances are to be used for labio-lingual movement of incisors

18
Q

what do the design of cephalometry machines depend on

A

whether using a phosphor plate or solid state sensor

19
Q

what is a cephalostat

A

ensures standardising of equipment and patients head
reduces magnification and distortion
ear rods and forehead support

20
Q

what distance should the receptor be from the x-ray focal spot to minimise magnification

A

1.5m to 1.8m

21
Q

what are the two solutions to viewing facial soft tissues since they show up poorly on radiographs

A

place aluminium wedge filter in the unit to attenuate the specific area of the beam exposing the soft tissue
use software to enhance soft tissues post exposure

22
Q

what is collimation

A

field of view should not be larger than what is clinically required

23
Q

when might you find triangular collimation

A

units that do not use a solid state sensor

24
Q

what are examples of patient contact shielding

A

thyroid collar as the thyroid gland is relatively radiosensitive

25
Q

what is the downside to using thyroid collar

A

may obscure hyoid bone and cervical vertebrae

26
Q

what is CBCT

A

cross sectional 3D imaging but at increased radiation dose

27
Q

what are advantages of CBCT

A

no superimposition or magnification of anatomy
images can be viewed at any angle

28
Q

what is oblique lateral radiography

A

extra-oral radiograph provides view of posterior jaws without superimposition of contra-lateral side

29
Q

what are the indications for taking an oblique lateral radiograph

A

similar to panoramic radiography - assessment of pathology, presence of unerupted teeth, lesions and conditions affecting jaws

30
Q

what are the 4 indications for taking an extra-oral radiograph

A

poorly cooperative child
learning difficulties
involuntary movements
unconscious

BDS3 Radiology (9 decks)

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