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Anatomy E1 > Extra Info E1 > Flashcards

Extra Info E1 Flashcards

1
Q

what structures are derived from the endoderm

A

epithelial linings, liver, pancreas

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2
Q

what structures are derived from the mesoderm

A

Musculoskeletal system, circulatory system, notochord

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3
Q

what structures are derived from the ectoderm

A

epidermis, nervous system, eyes

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4
Q

what is the axial skeleton

A

JUST SKULL, VERTEBRAL COLUMN, RIBCAGE, STERNUM, SACRUM, COCCYX

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5
Q

what is a zygapophysial joint

A

synovial joint between the superior articular process of one vertebra and the inferior articular process of another

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6
Q

spondylosis

A

wear & tear, degeneration of discs/joints in spine

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7
Q

spondylolysis

A

fracture without separation in pars interarticularis

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8
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

fracture with separation in pars interarticularis

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9
Q

atlanto-occipital joint is found where? what movement does it do?

A

between occipital bone and C1 (atlas); does “yes” movement

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10
Q

atlanto-axial joint is found where? what movement does it do?

A

between C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis); does “no” movement

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11
Q

what are all the attachment points for the multifidi?

A

S: sacroiliac ligaments
T: TP of T1-T3
A: aponeurosis of erector spinae
A: articular processes of C4-C7
M: mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae
P: PSIS
P: posterior sacrum

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12
Q

what is the name for the group including rotatores, multifidi, semispinalis?

A

transversospinalis

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13
Q

what order from superficial to deep do the transversospinalis muscles go?

A

semispinalis, multifidi, rotatores

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14
Q

when head rotates to the left, what muscles contract on the right side and left side?

A

right side:
SCM
semispinalis capitis
upper trapezius
left side:
obliquus capitis inferior
rectus capitis posterior major and minor
longissimus capitis
splenius capitis

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15
Q

what is spina bifida occulta and where does the defect occur

A

vertebral arch of L5 or S1

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16
Q

severe spina bifida occurs with a outpoaching of meninges that can contain either _____ or ______

A

meningocele: just cerebrospinal fluid
myelomeningocele: a portion of the spinal cord

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17
Q

myelomeningocele

A

spina bifida with a portion of the spinal cord protruding

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18
Q

meningocele

A

spina bifida with just cerebrospinal fluid protruding

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19
Q

motor or sensory: ventral roots

A

motor

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20
Q

motor or sensory: dorsal roots

A

sensory

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21
Q

myotome: shoulder IR

A

C6,7,8

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22
Q

myotome: shoulder ER

A

C5

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23
Q

myotome: shoulder abduction

A

C5

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24
Q

myotome: shoulder adduction

A

C6,7,8

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25
Q

myotome: shoulder flexion

A

C5

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26
Q

myotome: shoulder extension

A

C6,7,8

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27
Q

myotome: wrist flexion

A

C7

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28
Q

myotome: wrist extension

A

C6

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29
Q

myotome: elbow extension

A

C7

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30
Q

myotome: elbow flexion

A

C6

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31
Q

myotome: wrist pronation

A

C8

32
Q

myotome: wrist supination

A

C6

33
Q

myotome: finger flexion

A

C8

34
Q

myotome: finger extension

A

C7

35
Q

myotome: finger abduction

A

T1

36
Q

myotome: finger adduction

A

T1

37
Q

“yas” hand movement is what myotome and what functions does it do?

A

C6
elbow flexion
wrist extension
wrist supination

38
Q

where is the cruciform ligament and what does it include

A

C1 atlantooccipital joint (AO)
superior longitudinal band
transverse ligament
inferior longitudinal band

39
Q

what two ligaments do the “yes” movement

A

cruciform ligament and alar ligament

40
Q

what surrounds the AO joint

A

atlantooccipital capsule

41
Q

where does the spinal cord terminate

A

L1-L2

42
Q

difference between two types of filum terminale

A

filum terminale internum: pial segment
filum terminale externum: dural segment

43
Q

most superior spinal ligament that connects spinous processes

A

supraspinous ligament

44
Q

spinal ligament that runs between laminas

A

ligamentum flavum

45
Q

deeper spinal ligament that connects spinous processes

A

interspinous ligament

46
Q

area on C1 atlas where the dens from C2 articulates with C1

A

articular fossa for odontoid process

47
Q

notch on front of C1 vertebrae

A

anterior tubercle

48
Q

notch on back of C1

A

posterior tubercle

49
Q

what surrounds the spinal nerve groove on the transverse processes in cervical vertebrae C3-C7

A

posterior tubercle and anterior tubercle

50
Q

what is the bony prominence on the vertebral body in C3-C7

A

uncus

51
Q

what vertebrae is the carotid tubercle located

A

C6

52
Q

at what vertebra level does the first spinous process not bifurcate

A

C7

53
Q

what is the area called where the humerus and scapula articulate

A

glenoid cavity

54
Q

where is the surgical neck of the humerus located

A

right under the greater/lesser tubercle & intertubercular sulcus

55
Q

where is the anatomical neck of the humerus located

A

right above the greater/lesser tubercle & intertubercular sulcus

56
Q

where is the suprascapular notch

A

on the superior border of scapula near the coracoid process

57
Q

what vertebral level is the hyoid at

A

C3/C4

58
Q

what vertebral level is the thyroid cartilage at

A

C5/6

59
Q

what is the landmark for T2 dermatome

A

axilla

60
Q

where does the dural sac terminate

A

S2

61
Q

from superficial to deep name the spinal meninges

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

62
Q

what is the landmark for T4 dermatome

A

nipple

63
Q

what is the landmark for T6 dermatome

A

xyphoid process

64
Q

what is the landmark for T10 dermatome

A

umbilicus

65
Q

what action does the ALL resist

A

extension

66
Q

what action does the PLL resist

A

flexion

67
Q

what spinal region is the nuchal ligament in

A

cervical

68
Q

what spinal region is the interspinous ligament in

A

thoracic and down

69
Q

what does the acronym PLATE indicate

A

lateral to medial lip of humerus attachments; P: pectoralis major on lateral lip of intertubercular groove/sulcus, LA is lat dorsi, inside the groove, TE: teres major is on medial lip

70
Q

torticollis: what muscle is responsible

A

SCM

71
Q

what are the rotator cuff muscles

A

subscapularis, infraspinatus, supraspinatus, teres minor

72
Q

what muscles attach at the mastoid process

A

SCM, longissimus capitis, splenius capitis

73
Q

SCM does head & neck extension at what joint

A

atlantooccipital joint

74
Q

is the carotid body a receptor for chemicals or pressure

A

chemicals

75
Q

is the carotid sinus a receptor for chemicals or pressure

A

pressure

Anatomy E1 (6 decks)

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