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Anatomy E1 > Extra Info E1 > Flashcards

Extra Info E1 Flashcards

1
Q

what structures are derived from the endoderm

A

epithelial linings, liver, pancreas

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2
Q

what structures are derived from the mesoderm

A

Musculoskeletal system, circulatory system, notochord

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3
Q

what structures are derived from the ectoderm

A

epidermis, nervous system, eyes

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4
Q

what is the axial skeleton

A

JUST SKULL, VERTEBRAL COLUMN, RIBCAGE, STERNUM, SACRUM, COCCYX

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5
Q

what is a zygapophysial joint

A

synovial joint between the superior articular process of one vertebra and the inferior articular process of another

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6
Q

spondylosis

A

wear & tear, degeneration of discs/joints in spine

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7
Q

spondylolysis

A

fracture without separation in pars interarticularis

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8
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

fracture with separation in pars interarticularis

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9
Q

atlanto-occipital joint is found where? what movement does it do?

A

between occipital bone and C1 (atlas); does “yes” movement

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10
Q

atlanto-axial joint is found where? what movement does it do?

A

between C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis); does “no” movement

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11
Q

what are all the attachment points for the multifidi?

A

S: sacroiliac ligaments
T: TP of T1-T3
A: aponeurosis of erector spinae
A: articular processes of C4-C7
M: mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae
P: PSIS
P: posterior sacrum

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12
Q

what is the name for the group including rotatores, multifidi, semispinalis?

A

transversospinalis

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13
Q

what order from superficial to deep do the transversospinalis muscles go?

A

semispinalis, multifidi, rotatores

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14
Q

when head rotates to the left, what muscles contract on the right side and left side?

A

right side:
SCM
semispinalis capitis
upper trapezius
left side:
obliquus capitis inferior
rectus capitis posterior major and minor
longissimus capitis
splenius capitis

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15
Q

what is spina bifida occulta and where does the defect occur

A

vertebral arch of L5 or S1

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16
Q

severe spina bifida occurs with a outpoaching of meninges that can contain either _____ or ______

A

meningocele: just cerebrospinal fluid
myelomeningocele: a portion of the spinal cord

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17
Q

myelomeningocele

A

spina bifida with a portion of the spinal cord protruding

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18
Q

meningocele

A

spina bifida with just cerebrospinal fluid protruding

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19
Q

motor or sensory: ventral roots

A

motor

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20
Q

motor or sensory: dorsal roots

A

sensory

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21
Q

myotome: shoulder IR

A

C6,7,8

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22
Q

myotome: shoulder ER

A

C5

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23
Q

myotome: shoulder abduction

A

C5

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24
Q

myotome: shoulder adduction

A

C6,7,8

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25
myotome: shoulder flexion
C5
26
myotome: shoulder extension
C6,7,8
27
myotome: wrist flexion
C7
28
myotome: wrist extension
C6
29
myotome: elbow extension
C7
30
myotome: elbow flexion
C6
31
myotome: wrist pronation
C8
32
myotome: wrist supination
C6
33
myotome: finger flexion
C8
34
myotome: finger extension
C7
35
myotome: finger abduction
T1
36
myotome: finger adduction
T1
37
"yas" hand movement is what myotome and what functions does it do?
C6 elbow flexion wrist extension wrist supination
38
where is the cruciform ligament and what does it include
C1 atlantooccipital joint (AO) superior longitudinal band transverse ligament inferior longitudinal band
39
what two ligaments do the "yes" movement
cruciform ligament and alar ligament
40
what surrounds the AO joint
atlantooccipital capsule
41
where does the spinal cord terminate
L1-L2
42
difference between two types of filum terminale
filum terminale internum: pial segment filum terminale externum: dural segment
43
most superior spinal ligament that connects spinous processes
supraspinous ligament
44
spinal ligament that runs between laminas
ligamentum flavum
45
deeper spinal ligament that connects spinous processes
interspinous ligament
46
area on C1 atlas where the dens from C2 articulates with C1
articular fossa for odontoid process
47
notch on front of C1 vertebrae
anterior tubercle
48
notch on back of C1
posterior tubercle
49
what surrounds the spinal nerve groove on the transverse processes in cervical vertebrae C3-C7
posterior tubercle and anterior tubercle
50
what is the bony prominence on the vertebral body in C3-C7
uncus
51
what vertebrae is the carotid tubercle located
C6
52
at what vertebra level does the first spinous process not bifurcate
C7
53
what is the area called where the humerus and scapula articulate
glenoid cavity
54
where is the surgical neck of the humerus located
right under the greater/lesser tubercle & intertubercular sulcus
55
where is the anatomical neck of the humerus located
right above the greater/lesser tubercle & intertubercular sulcus
56
where is the suprascapular notch
on the superior border of scapula near the coracoid process
57
what vertebral level is the hyoid at
C3/C4
58
what vertebral level is the thyroid cartilage at
C5/6
59
what is the landmark for T2 dermatome
axilla
60
where does the dural sac terminate
S2
61
from superficial to deep name the spinal meninges
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
62
what is the landmark for T4 dermatome
nipple
63
what is the landmark for T6 dermatome
xyphoid process
64
what is the landmark for T10 dermatome
umbilicus
65
what action does the ALL resist
extension
66
what action does the PLL resist
flexion
67
what spinal region is the nuchal ligament in
cervical
68
what spinal region is the interspinous ligament in
thoracic and down
69
what does the acronym PLATE indicate
lateral to medial lip of humerus attachments; P: pectoralis major on lateral lip of intertubercular groove/sulcus, LA is lat dorsi, inside the groove, TE: teres major is on medial lip
70
torticollis: what muscle is responsible
SCM
71
what are the rotator cuff muscles
subscapularis, infraspinatus, supraspinatus, teres minor
72
what muscles attach at the mastoid process
SCM, longissimus capitis, splenius capitis
73
SCM does head & neck extension at what joint
atlantooccipital joint
74
is the carotid body a receptor for chemicals or pressure
chemicals
75
is the carotid sinus a receptor for chemicals or pressure
pressure

Anatomy E1 (6 decks)

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