Extra Info E1 Flashcards
what structures are derived from the endoderm
epithelial linings, liver, pancreas
what structures are derived from the mesoderm
Musculoskeletal system, circulatory system, notochord
what structures are derived from the ectoderm
epidermis, nervous system, eyes
what is the axial skeleton
JUST SKULL, VERTEBRAL COLUMN, RIBCAGE, STERNUM, SACRUM, COCCYX
what is a zygapophysial joint
synovial joint between the superior articular process of one vertebra and the inferior articular process of another
spondylosis
wear & tear, degeneration of discs/joints in spine
spondylolysis
fracture without separation in pars interarticularis
spondylolisthesis
fracture with separation in pars interarticularis
atlanto-occipital joint is found where? what movement does it do?
between occipital bone and C1 (atlas); does “yes” movement
atlanto-axial joint is found where? what movement does it do?
between C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis); does “no” movement
what are all the attachment points for the multifidi?
S: sacroiliac ligaments
T: TP of T1-T3
A: aponeurosis of erector spinae
A: articular processes of C4-C7
M: mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae
P: PSIS
P: posterior sacrum
what is the name for the group including rotatores, multifidi, semispinalis?
transversospinalis
what order from superficial to deep do the transversospinalis muscles go?
semispinalis, multifidi, rotatores
when head rotates to the left, what muscles contract on the right side and left side?
right side:
SCM
semispinalis capitis
upper trapezius
left side:
obliquus capitis inferior
rectus capitis posterior major and minor
longissimus capitis
splenius capitis
what is spina bifida occulta and where does the defect occur
vertebral arch of L5 or S1
severe spina bifida occurs with a outpoaching of meninges that can contain either _____ or ______
meningocele: just cerebrospinal fluid
myelomeningocele: a portion of the spinal cord
myelomeningocele
spina bifida with a portion of the spinal cord protruding
meningocele
spina bifida with just cerebrospinal fluid protruding
motor or sensory: ventral roots
motor
motor or sensory: dorsal roots
sensory
myotome: shoulder IR
C6,7,8
myotome: shoulder ER
C5
myotome: shoulder abduction
C5
myotome: shoulder adduction
C6,7,8
myotome: shoulder flexion
C5
myotome: shoulder extension
C6,7,8
myotome: wrist flexion
C7
myotome: wrist extension
C6
myotome: elbow extension
C7
myotome: elbow flexion
C6
myotome: wrist pronation
C8
myotome: wrist supination
C6
myotome: finger flexion
C8
myotome: finger extension
C7
myotome: finger abduction
T1
myotome: finger adduction
T1
“yas” hand movement is what myotome and what functions does it do?
C6
elbow flexion
wrist extension
wrist supination
where is the cruciform ligament and what does it include
C1 atlantooccipital joint (AO)
superior longitudinal band
transverse ligament
inferior longitudinal band
what two ligaments do the “yes” movement
cruciform ligament and alar ligament
what surrounds the AO joint
atlantooccipital capsule
where does the spinal cord terminate
L1-L2
difference between two types of filum terminale
filum terminale internum: pial segment
filum terminale externum: dural segment
most superior spinal ligament that connects spinous processes
supraspinous ligament
spinal ligament that runs between laminas
ligamentum flavum
deeper spinal ligament that connects spinous processes
interspinous ligament
area on C1 atlas where the dens from C2 articulates with C1
articular fossa for odontoid process
notch on front of C1 vertebrae
anterior tubercle
notch on back of C1
posterior tubercle
what surrounds the spinal nerve groove on the transverse processes in cervical vertebrae C3-C7
posterior tubercle and anterior tubercle
what is the bony prominence on the vertebral body in C3-C7
uncus
what vertebrae is the carotid tubercle located
C6
at what vertebra level does the first spinous process not bifurcate
C7
what is the area called where the humerus and scapula articulate
glenoid cavity
where is the surgical neck of the humerus located
right under the greater/lesser tubercle & intertubercular sulcus
where is the anatomical neck of the humerus located
right above the greater/lesser tubercle & intertubercular sulcus
where is the suprascapular notch
on the superior border of scapula near the coracoid process
what vertebral level is the hyoid at
C3/C4
what vertebral level is the thyroid cartilage at
C5/6
what is the landmark for T2 dermatome
axilla
where does the dural sac terminate
S2
from superficial to deep name the spinal meninges
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
what is the landmark for T4 dermatome
nipple
what is the landmark for T6 dermatome
xyphoid process
what is the landmark for T10 dermatome
umbilicus
what action does the ALL resist
extension
what action does the PLL resist
flexion
what spinal region is the nuchal ligament in
cervical
what spinal region is the interspinous ligament in
thoracic and down
what does the acronym PLATE indicate
lateral to medial lip of humerus attachments; P: pectoralis major on lateral lip of intertubercular groove/sulcus, LA is lat dorsi, inside the groove, TE: teres major is on medial lip
torticollis: what muscle is responsible
SCM
what are the rotator cuff muscles
subscapularis, infraspinatus, supraspinatus, teres minor
what muscles attach at the mastoid process
SCM, longissimus capitis, splenius capitis
SCM does head & neck extension at what joint
atlantooccipital joint
is the carotid body a receptor for chemicals or pressure
chemicals
is the carotid sinus a receptor for chemicals or pressure
pressure
