Extra Gas exchange stuff

Question 1

Describe and explain how the lungs are adapted to allow rapid exchange of oxygen between air in the alveloi and blood in the capillary around them (5 marks)

Answer 1

*Alveoli are thin walled and are flattened which reduces the diffusion pathway
*So faster rate of diffusion
*Many alveoli are folded providing a large surface area
*Many capillary provide a large surface area
*Ventilation/Circulation
*Maintains a diffusion gradient

Question 2

What is the pleural membrane

Answer 2

The things that each of the lungs are encolsed in a double membrane

Question 3

What is the space between pleural membrane called

Answer 3

The pleural cavity

Question 4

What is cohesion

Answer 4

When water molecue forms H bonds with other water molecules

Question 5

What is Adhesion

Answer 5

When water molecules form H bonds with other surfaces

Question 6

What is Tidal volume

Answer 6

The volume of air inspired or expired per breath

Question 7

What is Minute Ventilation

Answer 7

Number of breaths per min x tidal volume

Question 8

What is residual volume

Answer 8

The air that can never be totally empty even after maximum expiration
(this is the left over air that prevents the lungs from collapsing)

Question 9

What is the formula for pulmonary ventilation rate

Answer 9

Pulmonary ventilation rate(dm^3min-1=Tidal volume(dm^3) x Breathing rate (min-1)

Question 10

What are the risk factors for lung diseases

Answer 10

Smoking-by far the worst
Air pollution-pollutant particles
Genetics-Some poeple are more genetcially prone to disease
Infections-People who frequently get other chest infections are more likely to get it
Occupation-people working with harmful chemicals