Extra Exam Questions Flashcards
Geography
Descriptive writing about the earth or the study of the earth.
Why is geography important?
Geography helps us better understand the earth and can help us answer questions about it. Geography helps us locate places and understand why they are there.
3 subtopics of he red textbook?
When are regional lines laid out?
Physical environment
Human environment
Issues in he region.
When these 3 things change dramatically.
Physical geography
Deals mainly with the makeup of the Earth, landforms, and the conditions of the atmosphere.
Human geography
Deals mainly with how people are living on the land and their interactions with all animals, other humans and he topography and resources of the earth around them.
General purpose maps
Show both natural and human add features like lakes, rivers, boundaries, settlements, roads and rail lines.
Thematic maps
Show where things are relating to a theme. Like types of vegetation in an area.
Topographic maps
Show the elevation of the land above sea level. How the land rises and falls.
Mental maps
How we remember where things are by use of our memory.
Mercator projection
Where a Globe style view of the world was opened and flattened out. Then the spaces in between were filled in leaving an inaccurate map.
3 ways maps have deceived people?
- Map makers have coloured certain countries in red symbolizing they are aggressive.
- Allied map makers made a map showing bombs over the enemies countries, but never made a legend describing what they meant.
- The British made a map where all their territories had union jacks on them. This made their tiny island territories look much bigger.
3 types of rocks
Igneous
Metamorphic
Sedimentary.
How are igneous rocks created?
Rocks created by cooled magma/lava.
How are metomorphic rocks created?
Rocks created by super heating or extreme pressure.
How are sedimentary rocks created?
Rocks created by compressed layers of sediment.
Sovereignty
The power to govern without foreign control.
DEW line
Distance early warning line of radar. Built in 1950’s as a line of defence in the Cold War.
Why do so many countries want control of the arctic?
Because there are resources there and once the ice melts a shipping passage will be made. These will bring lots of money into the country with control.
2 criteria a country has to fulfill in order to legitimately claim land?
Government presence
Permanent settlements
8 factors the affect climate
Latitude
Air pollution
Mountains and barriers
Pressure cells
Global air pressure
Ocean currents
Air masses
Land and water.
3 views of resource usage.
Consumer: believe the resource exists for their own pleasure and profit. Think it should be used without a limit.
Tourist: tend to enjoy and appreciate the resource without needing to claim or abuse it.
Sustainable development: people who consider the availability of the resource and try to take care of it.
Renewable
Resources that are replenished by the environment over relatively short periods of time.
Why is coltan a controversial mineral?
What is it used for?
Because areas where it is mined are often controlled by armed factions or organized crime. This leads to unsafe working conditions, and child labour.
Coltan is used to produce tantalum which
What is fair trade?
An equitable and fair partnership in between global markets and producers in other parts of the world. Where the workers get paid living wages.
Basic criteria for fair trade?
- farmers or artisans receive living wage
- items produced in safe working areas.
- no child abuse
- no environment abuse
- open up positive opportunities for workers.
Globalization
The quick spread of materials and ideas across the globe.
Outsourcing
The practice used by different companies to reduce costs by transferring portions of the work to outside suppliers.
Migrant workers
People working outside of their home country.
3 examples of how you can help make a difference with consumer choices in grocery stores.
Do research and check tags.
Stop buying from countries with poor human rights.
Buy fair trade products.
Industry
The production of goods or services in an economy.
Pluralism
A society in which members of varied ethnic, racial, religious or social groups maintain their traditional culture while playing a role in the larger national culture.
Which country is the worlds largest producer of wheat?
China
Who is he worlds largest exporter of wheat?
U.s.
What has become a popular alternative to potatoes?
Rice
What continues to be Canada’s meat of choice?
Beef
What three factors have contributed to the decrease in milk consumption?
- ethnic people choose per drinks
- aging population
- fewer children.
What were the big ticket items for capital investment?
Equipment, machinery.
Agribusiness
Any business that services the agricultural sector.
Localization
Small areas devoted almost exclusively to raising one particular crop or livestock.
Frontier farms
A farm at the outer limit of a settled area.
Co-operation
Voluntary associations often established among farmers to control their own purchases of supplies and sales products,
Quotas
The maximum amount of a product to be produced.
Contour ploughing
Ploughing along the contour of a hill or slope.
Zero tillage
The practice of seeding directly into a field that has not been cultivated since the last crop was harvested.
Potash
A potassium based fertilizer; mined extensively in Saskatchewan; one of three major types of fertilizer.
Urban sprawl
The outward growth of a city; usually scattered at first.
Cost-price squeeze
The pressure put on farmers as the costs of production rise faster then the prices paid for the products of the production.
Herbicides
Chemicals used to control weeds
Insecticides
Chemicals used to control insects
Fungicides
Chemicals used to control growth of fungi on crops.
Aquifer
Water stored underground in porous strata.
Leaching
The process by which mineral salts in the upper horizon of a soil are moved downward.
Supply and demand
The amount of product or service and the desire to buy it.
3 conditions that affect food security- environmental
- drought
- extreme weather, floods, hail
- reliable rainfall at the right time for crops.
3 conditions that affect food security-Social
- access to land
- access to labour
- access to government programs
3 conditions that affect food security- economic
- money to buy food
- money to buy animals
- money to buy medicine
3 conditions that affect food security- political
- war
- elections
- taxes
G.I.S
What?
Why?
Geographic information system
Overlaying many thematic maps.
To find information to solve complex problems.
Some examples are using them to find criminal activity by police or finding the best location for restaurant.
4 negative outcomes from having to many people settle in urban areas.
- not enough jobs
- increased crime, pollution
- homelessness
- urban sprawl into precious farmland.
- diseases
4 positives of having more people settle in urban areas
- access to social services, more money for them.
- more diversity and pluralism
- efficiency
- concentration of resources.
3 reasons why the price of hydro rose.
- needed to get governmental licence
- needed to hire local workers and pay decent wages.
- low estimates of land value.
Acid precipitation
When nitrogen containing gases dissolve into the ,ositure of the air, then become rain.
Site
Physical characteristics of the actual location of the city.
Situation
Cities general location in relationship to surroundings.
Hinterland
A region remote from urban areas.
Heat island
High temperatures created by a city and its roads, building and industrial processes.
Branch plants
Factories opened in a foreign country by a parent company with headquarters in another country.
What are the 3 mountain ranges of N.A.?
Which one is the oldest?
Appalachian, rocky and costal range.
The Appalachian range is the oldest.
What portion of the earth is thought to be farm able?
1/32 of the top layer of the earth.
Metropolitan
Central city and its surrounding suburbs.
Urban area
A human settlement with a high population.
Social diversity
Diverse factors surrounding our society such as race, religion, culture and age.
Positive and negative of globalization
Positive- sharing information and products around the world.
Negative- can cause cultures to disappear.
What are renewable resources being driven by:
- Increases in technology
- solar
- geothermal
- hydro
- wind - Need for wise regulations
5 levels of industry
1- extracting raw materials
2- the production of turning the raw materials into products
3- services, transportation and distribution.
4- information/ intellectual activities
5- government: decision making level
7 locational factors
- Raw materials
- Labour
- Energy
- Markets
- Capital
- Government
- Transportation
Regionalization
The use of large areas for growing crops or livestock production.
Indigenous
Earliest known or original people of an area.
What do the indigenous call the earth?
Mother
Helps them show respect.
Collective responsibility
Everyone is responsible for the land not just one person.
How were the costal ranges created?
Volcanic activity and folding
What formed the Appalachian mountains?
Mixture of folding and volcanic activity
What formed the Rockies?
Folding
