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HUR 232 > Extra credit lecture > Flashcards

Extra credit lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What is the proper given name of Ivan the Terrible

A

Ivan IV Vassily, and translation from Ivan the Terrible are different in English and Russian.

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2
Q

What dynasty is Ivan from?

A

Rurikid dynasty from 882, ruling family of Kievan Rus’

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3
Q

Who was Ivan’s grandfather and when was his time?

A

Ivan III from 1440-1505

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4
Q

What did Ivan III do?

A

Ended Mongol Yoke at the Great Stand on the Ugra, made a new nation wide legal codex that ended feudal fragmentation. The renovation of Kremlin, Territorial expansion to Novgorod, Yaroslavl, Rostov, Tver, Vyatka, and referred to himself as tsar in letters.

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5
Q

Who was Ivan the Terrible’s father and when was his time?

A

Vasily III from 1479-1533

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6
Q

What did Ivan’s father do?

A

Vasily III continued expansion of Ivan III policies, he allied with Safavid empire against Byzantium, established Russian claims on Volga and contained Crimean khanate, adopted title of tsar and was the double headed eagle of Byzantium, Died when Ivan IV was 3

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7
Q

Who was Ivan IV’s mother, who was she and when did she die?

A

Elena Glinskaya and she was a Serbian princess and died when Ivan IV was 8.

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8
Q

Regency was under who’s control when Ivan was a child? And why

A

The boyar families, because he was too young to be a tsar but they neglected him because they wanted to unseat him which made him paranoid.

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9
Q

Who was Ivan’s first wife?

A

Anastasia Romanovna she was the first tsaritsa and she was a Romanov, which helped this family get a claim to the throne.

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10
Q

How many marriages did Ivan IV have? And how many wives and how many were recognized by the church?

A

six marriages and perhaps 8 wives total but only 4 marriages recognized by Orthodox Church.

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11
Q

Who is the surviving make heirs of Ivan IV, who became the successor, who was killed by his own father?

A

Ivan Ivanovich (1554-1581) was murdered by his own father, Fyodor I (1557-1598) was the successor to his father, and Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich became Dmitry of Uglich from 1582-1591

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12
Q

At 16 what was Ivan crowned with?

A

The Monomakh’s Cap as “Tsar of All the Russians”

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13
Q

Oprichnina consisted of what?

A

Policy of mass repression of boyars, confiscation of their lands. And Oprichniki.

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14
Q

What was the Oprichniki?

A

Originally bodyguards of Ivan IV but a de facto political police unit that answered only to the Tsar.

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15
Q

What did Zemsky Sobor consist of?

A

Ivan as a Tsar, Nobility, holy sober of clergy, commoners. it was supposed to be representative body.

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16
Q

Ivan as a tsar did what other two things besides the cap, Oprichnina, and Zemsky sobor

A

Sack of Novgorod, and relations with cossacks

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17
Q

Ivan IV is work on foreign policy consisted of?

A

Foreign trade, Conquest of Kazan and Astrakhan, Russo-Turkish war, Livonian war, Crimean raids and conquest of Siberia.

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18
Q

Foreign trade under Ivan IV consists of?

A

Muscovy company (1551), Problems with German merchants, Livonia

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19
Q

When as the Russo-Turkish war?

A

1568-1570

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20
Q

What did the Livonian War consist of?

A

Teutonic Knights of Livonia, Kingdom of Sweden, Dutchy of Lithuania, then the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth under Stefan Batory, Disastrous economic consequences.

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21
Q

Ivan IV legacy consists of?

A

Time of Troubles, Questions of mental stability after his first wife’s death, Expansion of Russian empire from Caspian to Western Siberia, Limitation of traditional rights of boyars, Centralization of govt, Consolidation of power of tsar and consequent despotism, Conflicting evaluation of his legacy, Image of him in art and culture.

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22
Q

When was the time of troubles?

A

1598-1616

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23
Q

What did the image of Ivan IV in art and culture consist of?

A

Repin’s Ivan the terrible and his son in 1885, Tchaikovsky’s Oprichniki, Eisenstein’s Ivan the Terrible, Prokofiev’s score for Ivan the Terrible in film, ballet, and as oratorio, Bulgakov’s Ivan Vasilievich

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24
Q

What did the end of the Mongol Yoke show?

A

arguably second to battle of kurykova in 1380 which first showed mongols could be defeated. Established their autonomy since no tribute needed to be paid.

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25
Q

The renovation of Kremlin shows what?

A

it suffered from Mongol Yoke and showed sense of Russia rising.

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26
Q

What battle was critical for Russian economy?

A

Novgorod.

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27
Q

What happened to Fyodor I?

A

He was weak and had a short reign which sets Russia up for time of troubles.

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28
Q

What happened with the death of Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich?

A

It happened under weird circumstances and some people didn’t believe he died at first.

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29
Q

What is the importance of Tsar and Basileus?

A

Close connection between the Tsar and the Church

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30
Q

Who says “cinema is the most important of the arts”?

A

Lenin

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31
Q

What was cinema used as in early Soviet and Goskino?

A

As propaganda and didacticism, where it is used to teach the audience. There was a political agenda they wanted to show and a lot of people watching were illiterate so it taught them communism and marxism.

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32
Q

What happened in 1919 that led to something that led to creation of Gaskino in 1922

A

Nationalization of privately owned film industry led to creation of Goskino in 1922

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33
Q

Whats important about Goskino?

A

It was under the auspices of peoples commissariat of education, who was Anatoly Lunacharsky, he was liberal in arts and allowed people more creative freedom compared to later under the government.

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34
Q

In 1920s, NEP allowed what?

A

Allowed privately owned studios to come about again, This is when Eisenstein established his reputation.

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35
Q

What happened in 1928 to film industry?

A

Nationalized again under Goskino.

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36
Q

From 1928 till the end of the Soviet Union, the film industry remained under auspices with who?

A

Under the auspices of Goskino.

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37
Q

What was Goskino?

A

An enormous centralized bureaucracy.

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38
Q

In Goskino how many studios were there in how many republics? Where were the important ones?

A

40 studios in 15 republics, important in Moscow and Petersburg/Leningrad.

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39
Q

How was the film industry controlled under Gaskino?

A

Gaskino controlled all aspects of film, you had to be a part of Gaskino to make a film, they could easily have been censored and many times were, and from 1928 on they had to reflect Marxist ideology of govt.

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40
Q

What is the VGIK

A

All soviet state institute of cinematography.

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41
Q

How was didacticism censored in film? And what is an agitki?

A

“agitki” during civil war to promote Bolshevik cause. agitki are agitation films against people against the bolsheviks

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42
Q

When did censorship loosen up before a bit?

A

During NEP from 1921-1924

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43
Q

When did socialist realism become the law of the land?

A

1928

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44
Q

What did socialist realism during 30s and 40s promote?

A

Promote government policy but filmmakers were trying to make their vision which led to tension.

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45
Q

During the Thaw of the late 50s and early 60s what happened?

A

There was greater freedom and Tarkovsky made first of his films.

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46
Q

When was the period of stagnation and what happened in it?

A

During the 70s and the government clamped down again.

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47
Q

What happened after the period of stagnation?

A

Perestroika and demise of Goskino.

48
Q

The chairman of Goskino also belonged to what?

A

Belonged to central committee of Soviet Union. A politician first and filmmaker second

49
Q

Goskino governing board was made up of who?

A

Deputy chairs= head of departments (including KGB)

50
Q

There were individual studios in Goskino, which was one of the important ones? and who was the executive director and deputies?

A

Mosfilm and the executive director was the deputy chair of Goskino, the deputies were heads of departments of Mosfilm.

51
Q

How many people and who were in the artistic council?

A

75-100 filmmakers but it was a diverse group of officials who only cared about politics and workers and such who didn’t know much about film.

52
Q

What was the script board?

A

They reviewed every potential script for a project and this was one of the hardest part in getting a film made.

53
Q

How many creative teams were there in Mosfilm? And who headed each team?

A

7 teams and there were headed by a well known director, production manager.

54
Q

What was the editorial department and who was in it?

A

They were the censors essentially and mostly women, they supported directors and tried to get around political parts of film

55
Q

How did Tarkovsky have it good when making his films?

A

He was in control of his sets and shooting so he had a lot of freedom and he chose his own working group.

56
Q

How many steps did a script have to be reviewed in before approval at Mosfilm and then at Goskino

A

10 steps.

57
Q

How else could scripts be censored?

A

The budget plan could be lowered if the government officials didn’t like it.

58
Q

The script was often written to meet what? And how does this related to Tarkovsky?

A

The deadline of production plan, and Tarkovsky often revised right up to shooting.

59
Q

What was the real struggle of Tarkovsky?

A

The budget as he was often unable to shoot scenes because of this, but he was very resourceful in realizing his vision.

60
Q

Tarkovsky had a lot of supervision by Goskino during shooting? T/F

A

False he experienced little supervision.

61
Q

Who had to sign acceptance of a film and what did that mean?

A

Goskino board and chair had to sign, every film had to fo thought the top of the government. And acceptance didnt mean release, Tarkovsky had some get held up for 5 years.

62
Q

Cuts and revisions could be ordered by who?

A

Mosflim and Goskino

63
Q

Tarkovsky adamantly refused cuts and revisions, what did this lead to?

A

He was in a lower category which means less royalty and Money, but his crew stayed loyal.

64
Q

Which Tarkovsky film was the only one to be the highest category?

A

Solaris.

65
Q

What film was shelved for 5 years?

A

Andrei Rublev

66
Q

Distributors were under control of who?

A

Party officials in provinces.

67
Q

When was Eisenstein’s time?

A

1898-1948

68
Q

What was Eisenstein’s whole name?

A

Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein

69
Q

Where was Eisenstein born?

A

Riga, Latvia

70
Q

Who was Eisentsteins dad and what was he known for?

A

Mikhail Osipovich Eisenstein, who was a renowned architect and had jewish heritage.

71
Q

Who was Eisenstein’s mom and what she do in 1905?

A

Iuliia Ivanovna Konetskaia and she took Eisenstein to St. Petersburg in 1905 where she separated from her husband when Eisenstein was 7

72
Q

Where did Eisenstein go to school and what did he go for?

A

Petrograd Institute of Civil Engineering, for architecture and engineering like his pops.

73
Q

When did Eisenstein leave school?

A

At outbreak of October Revolution.

74
Q

What did Eisenstein do in the red army?

A

He was a propagandist and this conflicted with his pops as he was antibolshevik

75
Q

Eisensteins emergence as a film director happened when and who did he train with?

A

20s and with Meerhold who had a big influence on him.

76
Q

Eisenstein had failed projects where and what year?

A

1930 failed in Hollywood.

77
Q

What happened from 1930-1933

A

Sojourn through Mexico

78
Q

When did Eisenstein return to the Soviet Union?

A

1933

79
Q

Where did Eisenstein teach and what was important about this school?

A

State Institute of Cinematography and it was the most important film school in Soviet Union

80
Q

When was Eisenstein’s resurgence?

A

After success of Alexander Nevsky who was a Russian hero.

81
Q

Who was Eisenstein married to?

A

Pera Atasheva 1900-1965

82
Q

Eisenstein’s friendship with who brought up rumors of homosexuality? And what was Eisenstein insistent on instead?

A

Grigorii Aleksandrov, and that he was asexuality.

83
Q

What was Eisenstein’s death like?

A

he had two heart attacks one in 1946 and one in 1948, he was buried in Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.

84
Q

what theater in his late teens and early twenties was Eisenstein exposed to?

A

kabuki theater.

85
Q

What did Meyerhold do for Eisenstein?

A

he taught him and exposed him to a lot of different kinds including Kabuki which is shown in the second half of Ivan the Terrible. Constructivism and Grotesque

86
Q

His early work on film theory published in what?

A

LEF

87
Q

What are some of Eisenstein’s films?

A

A. Strike (1925)
B. The Battleship Potemkin (1926) This
C. Ten Days that Shook the World (1928) This theses two established his reputation.
D. The Old and the New (1929)
E. Viva, Mexico! (unfinished; restored; 1929-32)
F. Bezhin Meadow (unrealized, 1935), not a good soviet story to govt
G. Alexander Nevsky (1938), patriotic subject and very subject
H. Ivan the Terrible, Parts I and II (1943-46)

88
Q

What two films established Eisenstein’s reputation?

A

The battleship Potemkin in 1926 and Ten days that shook the world in 1928

89
Q

Bezhin Meadow (unrealized, 1935), is not a what?

A

Bezhin Meadow (unrealized, 1935), not a good soviet story to govt

90
Q

Alexander Nevsky (1938), was what?

A

Alexander Nevsky (1938), patriotic subject and very subject

91
Q

What kind of style did Eisenstein use?

A

Montage, most important for Eisenstein, quick cuts between scenes.
Socialist realism as a problem this is why he slows down in the 30s

92
Q

What happens in Eisenstein’s last films?

A

Stylistic shift in last films.

93
Q

Tipazh and Meyerhold influence did what?

A

Not strong characterizations but strong imaging.

94
Q

What happened to Eisenstein in WWII?

A

He was evacuated to Alma Ata like most Russian artist and this is where Ivan IV came about.

95
Q

Commission from Stalin led to what?

A

Political ramifications of commission, if Stalin didn’t like the film Eisenstein’s life was at risk.

96
Q

When was Ivan the Terrible part 1 shot, where, and how was it received?

A

1942-1944 in Central Asia and it showed Ivan as a national hero, and received positive reception and was given the Stalin prize.

97
Q

Ivan the Terrible, Part II The Boyar’s Plot was shot when?

A

1944-1946

98
Q

What happened to Part II that ended up having it not come out?

A

At first there was sharp criticism from central committee bc of anti historical tendencies as it did not fit the ideological mold, so it was shelved and then Eisenstein died so that was the end of the project.

99
Q

When was part II released?

A

A decade after Eisenstein’s death.

100
Q

What happened to Ivan the Terrible Part III?

A

it was planned, scripted and some scenes were shot, but when Part II got suppressed work for it stopped. Then Eisenstein died and most of what was shot was destroyed, except the Knight Staden scene which screened in 1987.

101
Q

What is important about the music in Ivan the Terrible?

A

He collaborated with Prokofiev and his scores were essential to aesthetic effect.

102
Q

Ivan the Terrible was Prokofiev and Eisenstein’s second collaboration, what was their first?

A

Alexander Nevsky.

103
Q

Who were the cinematographers for Ivan the Terrible?

A

Eduard Tisse (exteriors), Andrei Moskvin (interiors) they were two of the most important soviet cinematographers. Color sequences in Part II filmed by Moskvin as technology progressed.

104
Q

Ivan the Terrible was one of the earliest color films in Russian cinematic history. T/F?

A

True

105
Q

Who was the cast in Ivan the Terrible

A
  1. Nikolai Cherkasov (Ivan IV), one of the greats
  2. Liudmila Tselikovskaya (Tsarina Anastasia)
  3. Amvrosy Buchma (Aleksei Basmanov)
  4. Mikhail Kuznetsov (Fyodor Basmanov)
  5. Serafima Berman (Efvrosinia of Staritsa)
  6. Pavel Kadochnikov (Vladimir of Staritsa)
  7. Mikhail Zharov (Malyuta Skuratov)
106
Q

What studio was used after everyone was evacuated to Alma Ata?

A

Went from Mosfilm to production facility in Alma Ata

107
Q

When were all the parts released?

A

Part I released in 1944
Part II released in 1958 (posthumously during the Thaw after Stalin’s death)
Part III unrealized and unreleased

108
Q

Who praised Eisenstein’s art?

A

Chaplin

109
Q

What was the buildup to the reign of Ivan IV?

A

The Rise of Moscow which comes together in his grandfathers reign, Ivans grandpa his dad and him make Russia into a powerhouse as they were militarily successful.

110
Q

When does tsardom really come forth?

A

With Ivan IV even though his grandpa and pops called themselves tsars, but Ivan IV institutionalized it and helped establish what a tsar is.

111
Q

Vasillyus does what to secular leader?

A

he incorporates the leader who is ordained by god, close to theocracy but slightly different.

112
Q

What 3 things did they try to establish?

A

Tsar had rule over everything, tried bringing tg church and state as a division is not characteristic of Russian history.

113
Q

What is Apryshrioma?

A

1st organized government police force. secret and answers only to tsar. Ivan IV did the first one which became model for KGB and FSB.

114
Q

Eisenstein was born when? When did he emerge as a filmmaker and what subject matter was his films on?

A

Before the revolution, emerging in the 20s and focused on the revolution.

115
Q

Civil war was when?

A

1918-1921

116
Q

When was new economic Policy?

A

1921-1924

117
Q

Ivan IV film comes from when?

A

Era of Stalin.

HUR 232 (2 decks)

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