Extra and Intra Oral Exam Flashcards
What do you do before palpating?
Visually examine
When does the EO begin?
When you first greet the patient, visually examining their posture, gait, etc.
To detect abnormalities such as swelling, tumors, or enlarged lymph nodes, the structure must be compressed:
Against a firm structure (bone) or between examiners fingers
Explain bi-digital palpation
Compression between fingers of ONE HAND
Explain bi-manual palpation
Compression between fingers of BOTH hands
Explain digital palpation
Compression against underlying structure (with fingers)
Explain manual palpation
Compression OVER underlying structure, using both hands
What are the 5 descriptors of head and neck findings using palpation
- Surface (smooth, rough, raised, etc.)
- Shape
- Consistency (firm, spongy, etc.)
- Mobility (mobile, fixed)
- Tenderness
What are the 4 subgroups of the head and neck exam?
- Head, face, neck, skin
- Lymph nodes of head and neck
- Salivary and thyroid glands
- TMJ
What are the 5 imaginary zones?
- Forehead
- Eyes
- Nose & cheeks
- Lips
- Neck
What are abnormal findings?
Lesions or color changes of the skin (pimples/blemish?) Uneven pattern of hair loss Masses in the neck Wounds, bruises, scars Swelling of face or neck Asymmetry of face or neck
How do you document findings?
Location
Landmarks (Shape, Borders, Color, Size)
Measure lesion/scar with periodontal probe.
Duration
ABCDET
Anatomic location Border (well demarcated or irregular) Color Diameter (in mm) Evolving (has it changed) Type/texture (macule, dry, etc.)
True or False: Healthy lymph nodes can be felt?
FALSE!! HEALTHY LYMPH NODES CANNOT BE FELT!
What is a goiter?
Enlarged lymph node
What is crepitus
Popping or clicking in jaw
What are some symptoms of oral cancer?
Sore, lump, numb, hoarseness, difficulty chewing/swallowing or moving jaw, ear pain
Leukoplakia
White lesions
Erythroplakia
Red lesions (greater potential for becoming caner than white)
True or false? Cancer shows signs of haling within 2 weeks?
FALSE! CANCER DOES DOES NOT HEAL
Petechiae
Bruising on lips or mucosa
What is well-demarcated?
Easy to see where lesion begins and ends
What is a patch?
Flat discolored spot larger than 1 cm
What is a plaque?
Superficial raised lesion, larger than 1cm
What is a nodule?
Marble-like lesion, larger than 1 cm
What is a wheal?
A localized are of skin edema
What is a vesicle?
Small blister filled with clear fluid, less than 1cm
What is a bulla?
A larger fluid-filled lesion, larger than 1cm
What is a pustule?
Small raised lesion filled with pus
What is an erosion?
Loss of top layer of skin or mucosa
What is an ulcer?
Crater like lesion where top two layers of skin or mucosa are lost
What is a fissure?
A linear crack