Extra Flashcards
Angiotensin II.
What does it do
to PGC, GFR, RBF and FF, Pertitubular oncotic pressure
Causes vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
–> Increase PGC–> increase GFR, but decrease RBF
Filtration fraction will thus, increase because the amount of protein in the plasma increases–> increasing your peritubular oncotic pressure
L –> dL
1L= 10dL
L to mL
1L= 1000 mL
Rate of rate of urine (K+) excretion
Ux * V (flow)
TGF goal:
- Maintain a constant GFR
- Maintain constant NaCl delivery to DCT
How does this work>
Adenosine acts on what part of the GC?
Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
How do MESENGIAL CELLS ALTER GFR?
Alter SA of K+
How does constriction of the afferent arteriole alter of FF?
No change
How does constriction of the efferent arteriole alter of FF?
increase
Why do our kidneys use 2x rate of O2 than the brain?
Increase reabsorption of Na+ occurs linearly
What happens when we sweat?
Think of sweat as losing water:
Hyperosmotic volume contraction
When we sweat
- Decrease in ECF volume*
- Increase in ECF osmolarity*
- —creates a concentration gradient: water wants to move from ICF–> ECF—-*
- Decrease in ICF volume*
- Increase in ICF osmolarity*
A child is diagnosed with SIADH. What happens to ECF, ICF and osmolarity.
Same thing as excessive water intake: hypoosmotic volume expansion
— Increase ECF volume—-
Decrease osmolarity of ECF and ICF
—– Increase in ICF volume—–
- Plasma protein levels decrease bc increase in ECF volume.
Hematocri- stays same bc water goes into RBC, increasing volume and offesting dilution
What happens when we have diarreah?
isoosmotic volume contraction
- ECF volume will decrease; no change in osmolarity, so ICF volume does not change.
- Plasma protein levels increase and hemotocrit increase because decrease ECF increases them. RBC do not shrink or swell
- BP will decrease d/t decrease in ECF volume
What happens when lost in a desert?
Sweat
(hyperosmostic volume contraction)
- Decrease in ECF volume: Increase in ECF osmolarity--> water moves from [ICF–> ECF–> decrease in ICF volume–> incrrease in ICF osmolarity
- Plasma protein levels increase
- Hemotocrit: stays the same bc water is moving out
What happens when during adrenal insufficiency
Adrenal insufficiency–> loss of NaCl
-
Hypo-osmotic volume contraction
1. Decrease ECF osmolarity because aldosterone insufficiency, leading to decreased reabsorption and the kidneys excrete more NaCl> water. - ECF volume decrease:
- ICF volume increases
- ICF osmolarity decreases
- Plasma protein concentration increases
- Hematocrit will increase d/t decreased ECF volume and the RBC swell
- BP decreases
What happens during infusion of isotonic NaCl
- Plasma protein concentration
- hematocrit
- BP
isoosmotic volume expansion
- ECF volume decreases; but there is not change in osmarity.
* BECAUSE THERE IS NO CHANGE IN OSMOLARITY, water cannot move bc the NaCl distributed evenly in both. - Plasma protein concentration decreases and hematocrit decreases bc it dilutres. RBCs do not shrink or swell bc no change in osmolarity.
- BP increases
What happens when during excessive NaCl intake
- hyperosmotic volume expansion
- Increase in ECF osmolarity
- Cause water to move from the ICF–> ECF: ECF increases and ICF decreases
- Increase in ICF osmolarity
- plasma protein concentration decreases
- hemotocrit decreases