Extra 2

Question 1

Dilating the renal afferent will

___ GFR

____ serum creatine

Answer 1

Increase GFR

Decrease serum creatinging

Question 2

Filtered load

Answer 2

Plasma concentration * GFR

Question 3

What will an obstruction in the urinary system do?

Answer 3

Increase BC pressure, which will reduce the GFR

Question 4

Calculate amount excreted

Answer 4

filtered load + amount secreted - amount reabsorbed

Question 5

Total resistance to BF is d/t

Answer 5

sum of resistances between afferent and efferent

Question 6

Renal BF autoregulation

Answer 6

1. TB glomerular feedback
2. myogenic reflex’ counteracts changes in BP within a narrow range; HTN–> vasoconstriction to make RBF consistent

Question 7

What do thiazides and loop diuretics do?

Answer 7

increase delivery to Na+ to the distal nephron because they inhibit reabsoprtion of Na at more proximal sites.

–> goes to principle cells in distal nephron and some of it is taken from the tubular fluid via Na channels.

-reclamation of Na+ causes the exhancge of K+, which is lost in the urine.

—the more Na+ delivered distally, the more K+ that is eliminated in exchange.

Question 8

K+ sparring spirnolactone and aldosterone

Answer 8

block aldosterone

—do opposite effects—

Question 9

_____ perfusion pressure causes renin secretion by afferent arteriole

Answer 9

REDUCED

Question 10

Sympathetic activity ______ renin secretion via the B-adrenergic receptor

Answer 10

increases

Question 11

When NaCl delivery to the MD is _____, renin is released

Answer 11

decreased

Question 12

Afferent arteriole is dilated by ….

what are the effects to RBF, GFR, peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure

Answer 12

prostaglandins, bradykinin, NO, DA, ANP

increase, increase, increase

Question 13

What causes afferent arteriole vasoconstriction

Answer 13

ACE-inhibitors

Sympathetics

decrease RBF. GFR and peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 14

Vasodilation of the efferent arteriole

Answer 14

increase RBF

decrease GFR

Increase peritubular capillary hydrosatic pressure

Question 15

Vasconstriction of the efferent arteriole

–occurs via—-

Answer 15

angiotensin II

decrease RBF, can increase GFR or keep same, decrese peritubular capillary hydrosatic pressure

Question 16

What activates the TB feedback mechanism

Answer 16

decrease in distal solute delivery

—wants to increase GFR and RBF back to normal—

What do we do?

1. Dilate the afferent arteriole through NO and PGE2
2. Renin is secreted–> angiotensin II will cause vasoconstriction of efferent arteriole

Question 17

1. Find the ICF, ECF and TBW
2. Find the concentrations at each (L * plasma osmolarity)
3. find the concentrations of NaCl
   - 0.5128 moles/L (multiply by how many liters you have, which will give you Y)

Y* 2000mosm

4. Add to ECF
5. make a chart with L, concentration (mosm/L) and Total (mOsm)
   - to find concentration, divide the total/L

What you get for total body fluid will be your new equillibrium :)

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